PROTEXT Version 6.7 Word Processor REFERENCE MANUAL IBM PC Compatibles Atari ST and TT Copyright (c) 1987-1995 Arnor, 1996 Silverdock Ltd. Issue 10, 1996 (v6.7) Protext program (c) 1996 Silverdock Ltd. The Proximity/Collins Linguibase (c) 1985 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. Legal and Medical Supplements (c) 1982 Merriam-Webster, Inc. (c) Copyright 1982,1985 All Rights Reserved Proximity Technology Inc. All rights reserved. It is illegal to reproduce or transmit either this manual or the accompanying computer program in any form without the written permission of the copyright holder. Copying of the supplied disks is permitted only to make security backup copies or to install onto a hard disk. The owner of this program is licensed to use one copy only at any given time. Network users require a special licence. Software piracy is theft. This manual was written using Protext and printed from camera-ready copy produced by Protext on a HP LaserJet 4L printer. Program written by Gavin Every and Mark Tilley. Manual written by David Foster and Mark Tilley. Licence This software may only be used by one person at a time. It must not be loaded or installed into more than one machine at any one location. If it is required on two machines then two copies must be purchased. It is, however, perfectly acceptable for the owner of the program to use it at home and at work, but not for someone else to use it at home while the owner is at work. Please abide by these conditions and do not give copies to anyone else. If you do this you are cheating the developers of the software out of their rightful income. Contents 1. Editing Commands using the Keyboard 7 Cursor movement 7 Insertion and deletion 8 Block commands 8 Formatting and rulers 8 Find and replace, markers 9 Other commands 9 Spell checking 10 Extra characters 10 Accents and special characters 11 Miscellany 11 2. Command Mode 12 Command mode Help 12 Command entry 12 Line editing facilities 13 Abbreviations 13 The current filename 14 Directories 14 Search path and temporary text path 14 Filenames 15 Backup files 15 Changing disks and drives 15 Scroll lock 16 Wildcards 16 Running External Programs from Protext 16 Exec Files 17 What is an exec file? 17 Creating an exec file 18 Using exec files 19 Using an exec file when loading Protext 19 3. Commands 20 The Commands 20 Protext Contents 3 4. Using Stored Commands 55 Summary 55 What are Stored Commands 55 Template Files 56 Summary of Stored Commands by category 57 Paper layout commands 57 Page formatting commands 58 Miscellaneous commands 59 Printer control commands 59 Variable and data input - mail merging 59 Conditional printing and mail merging 60 Headers and footers 60 Printing stored commands 62 Newspaper column printing 63 Footnotes and Endnotes 63 Endnotes 64 Single sheet printing 65 5. Stored Commands 66 The Stored Commands 66 Key to Syntax 88 The Expression Evaluator 89 Expression evaluation operators 89 Operators 89 Items 91 Coercion of types 91 Date calculations 91 6. Mail Merging 92 What is Mail Merging? 92 Data Files 93 What is a data file? 93 Data file format 93 How Protext reads data 93 Examples of valid data file records. 94 Exporting data from other programs. 95 Wrapping in quotes 96 Inserting blank lines 96 Databases 97 Using Prodata with Protext 97 Simple Mail Merging 97 Getting started 98 Creating a Data file 98 Reading the data 99 Comparing RV and RU 101 Creating data by other means 103 Inserting separate text files 104 Address labels 105 Conditional Printing and Mail Merging 106 Advanced Mail Merging 110 More new commands 110 Closing data files 110 Special conditional commands 111 Repetitive looping 112 Writing to a disk file during printing 114 Displaying messages during printing 117 More on the RV stored command 118 More on the IN stored command 119 Making the most of Variables 119 Joining variables and text 119 Splitting variables 122 Using RL to read fixed field data 123 Using variables in stored commands 123 Numeric arithmetic 124 4 Contents Protext Date and time 126 Other system variables 127 Self incrementing variables 127 Paragraph numbering 127 Roman numerals 128 Mail merging from Prodata files 128 Using the >DF command with Prodata files 128 Using >RV and >RU with Prodata files 129 Using >IE with Prodata files 129 7. File Sorting 130 Running FSORT from Protext command mode 130 Running FSORT as a stand alone program 130 Sorting options 130 Some examples of using FSORT 134 Protext Contents 5 8. File Conversion 135 Using the CONVERT menu 135 Running CONVERT as a stand alone program 135 Using CONVERT from the command line 135 User Defined Conversions - CVT files 138 Using CONVERT with a CVT file 139 A1. Sample Promerge Programs 140 A2. Compatibility between Protext versions 146 Protext version summary 146 Transferring files 146 Amstrad NC series computers 146 Stored commands 146 International support 147 Special characters 147 Styles 147 File format 147 A3. Alternative Keyboard Commands 148 Using the MS-DOS keyboard driver 148 WordStar emulation 149 A4. IBM PC Character Set 150 A5. ST Character Set 151 A6. Amiga Character Set 152 Index 153 6 Contents Protext 1. Editing Commands using the Keyboard The commands marked '*' are not available in program mode. The left column gives alternative keys for some commands. Cursor movement  Move left one character Move right one character  Move up one character  Move down one character SHIFT- Move left one word SHIFT- Move right one word SHIFT- Scroll back 1 line SHIFT- Scroll forward 1 line HOME CTRL- Move to start of line END CTRL- Move to end of line PgUp CTRL- Scroll back one screenful PgDn CTRL- Scroll forward one screenful SHIFT-CTRL- Move to start of sentence SHIFT-CTRL- Move to end of sentence CTRL-[ Move to start of memory CTRL-] Move to end of memory CTRL-HOME CTRL-[ CTRL-[ Move to start of document CTRL-END CTRL-] CTRL-] Move to end of document CTRL-( * Move back one page CTRL-) * Move forward one page SHIFT-CTRL-( * Move back to start of column SHIFT-CTRL-) * Move to start of next column CTRL-< Move back one paragraph CTRL-> Move forward one paragraph CTRL-L Go to last position CTRL-G Go to line/page/column ENTER RETURN Insert: split line and move to left margin of next line Overwrite: move to left margin of next line SHIFT-RETURN Move to left margin of next line TAB Insert: insert tab character Overwrite: move to next tab SHIFT-TAB * Insert indent tab Protext Editing Commands using the Keyboard 7 Insertion and deletion CTRL-I Insert line CTRL-Kpd* CTRL-F3 Delete line CTRL-DEL Delete to start of line CTRL-DEL CTRL-E Delete to end of line SHIFT-CTRL-DEL Delete to start of sentence SHIFT-CTRL-E Delete to end of sentence Backspace DEL Delete character before cursor DEL DEL Delete character at cursor SHIFT-DEL Delete word left SHIFT-DEL SHIFT-DEL Delete word right INS CTRL-TAB Toggle insert/overwrite mode CTRL-A Transpose (Alternate) characters CTRL-U Undo last delete operation CTRL-* Split line at cursor CTRL-+ Join lines CTRL-space Insert a space SHIFT-CTRL-C Copy current line Block commands F9 CTRL-Z Set or clear block markers CTRL-F9 CTRL-K Clear all block markers CTRL-F10 CTRL-M Move block CTRL-INS F10 Copy block CTRL-F4 CTRL-DEL Delete block CTRL-O Copy block from other document CTRL-B Box mode on/off Formatting and rulers CTRL-RETURN * Insert page break CTRL-F * Format to end of paragraph SHIFT-CTRL-F * Format whole paragraph CTRL-C * Centre line CTRL-D * Copy default ruler (first active ruler) CTRL-R * Copy previous ruler but one CTRL-J * Justify on/off CTRL-W * Word wrap on/off CTRL-hyphen * Insert soft hyphen CTRL-N space * Non-break space CTRL-N hyphen * Non-break hyphen SHIFT-CTRL-R * Auto-reformatting on/off SHIFT-CTRL-I Auto indent on/off (program mode) 8 Editing Commands using the Keyboard Protext Find and replace, markers PC: Keypad+ F6 Next find PC: Keypad- F5 Previous find PC: S-C-Kpd+ SHIFT-CTRL-F6 Find word at cursor PC: S-C-Kpd- SHIFT-CTRL-F5 Find word at cursor backwards F8 n CTRL-@ n Set/Go to marker (0 to 9) F8 ? CTRL-@ ? Insert multiple marker F8 [ CTRL-@ [ Go to [ block marker F8 ] CTRL-@ ] Go to ] block marker F8 L CTRL-@ L * Go to left margin F8 R CTRL-@ R * Go to right margin F8 F CTRL-@ F * Set footnote marker PC: CT-Kpd+ CTRL-F6 Go to next marker PC: CT-Kpd- CTRL-F5 Go to previous marker Other commands CTRL-H F1 Help CTRL-P * Page mode on/off SHIFT-CTRL-P * Change units used on status line CTRL-V P * Page breaks display on/off CTRL-V R * Ruler line visible/hidden CTRL-V S Hard spaces visible/hidden CTRL-V T Tabs and returns visible/hidden F4 CTRL-V V Control codes visible/hidden CTRL-X * Insert printer control code F7 SHIFT-CTRL-X * Insert style change code ALT-B * Insert bold code ALT-I * Insert italic code ALT-U * Insert underline code CTRL-X = ALT-= * Insert spell ignore marker CTRL-X * ALT-W * Insert index word marker CTRL-X # ALT-P * Insert index phrase marker ALT-Fn Swap to document n CTRL-Y Switch between documents in memory SHIFT-CTRL-Y Exchange top and bottom files SHIFT-CTRL-Z Split/unsplit screen CTRL-/ Convert letter to upper case CTRL-\ Convert letter to lower case SHIFT-CTRL-/ Convert word to upper case SHIFT-CTRL-\ Convert word to lower case SH-CTRL-M CTRL-F1 Macro/glossary record mode on/off ALT-letter Invoke macro SHIFT-CTRL-G Expand glossary reference F2 File selector F3 Use menus Scroll Lock Page mode on/off (PC) CTRL-HELP Page mode on/off (ST) ESC Command/edit mode switch CTRL-ESC Empties keyboard buffer and terminates Exec file or macro Spell checking CTRL-Q Spell check single word CTRL-S * Spell check from cursor to end of file SHIFT-CTRL-S * Spell check whilst typing on/off CTRL-T Look up word in thesaurus Extra characters ALT-H « Half ALT-Q ¬ Quarter Protext Editing Commands using the Keyboard 9 ALT-M æ Mu ALT-< ® Open quotes (French) ALT-> ¯ Close quotes (French) ALT-! ­ Inverted exclamation mark ALT-? š Inverted question mark ALT-  Up arrow ALT-  Down arrow ALT-  Left arrow ALT- Right arrow SHIFT-ALT-Keypad numbers Single line graphics (PC) SHIFT-CTRL-Keypad numbers Single line graphics (PC) SH-CTRL-L CTRL-F7 Line drawing mode on/off SH-CTRL-A CTRL-F8 char Line drawing using character ALT-cursor keys Draw line (PC) SHIFT-CTRL-cursor keys Draw line (ST) SHIFT-ALT-fn Set keyboard to language n 10 Editing Commands using the Keyboard Protext Accents and special characters ALT-' acute SHIFT-ALT-~ breve SHIFT-ALT-^ caron (h cek) ALT-^ circumflex ALT-" diaeresis/umlaut SHIFT-ALT-' double acute ALT-\ grave ALT-_ macron SHIFT-ALT-. overdot ALT-% ring ALT-~ tilde SHIFT-ALT-, cedilla ALT-; ogonek (SHIFT-) ALT-C ‡ c cedilla (SHIFT-) ALT-E ‘ ae diphthong (SHIFT-) ALT-L Ü l slash (Polish) (SHIFT-) ALT-N € n tilde (SHIFT-) ALT-O › o slash ALT-S á double s (German) Miscellany ALT-D insert date into text ALT-T insert time into text ALT-F 25 and 43/50 line toggle (PC EGA/VGA, ST mono) ALT-G graphics/text mode (PC) F Accents on their own may be produced by typing a space and then keying the accent keys. F Those commands with '(SHIFT-)' in brackets produce upper case characters when SHIFT is pressed as well. Protext Editing Commands using the Keyboard 11 2. Command Mode This chapter covers a number of topics relating to command mode and commands in general. Full details of all the available commands are given in the 'Commands' chapter. Command mode Help Command mode help is available at any time from the Help menu. The menu gives a list of the available subjects, from which the required one may be selected. This will list all the commands relevant to the subject. Alternatively, typing HELP and a command name will give details about the specified command. On a single drive system the file 'PROTEXT6.HLP' should be copied onto the text disk, if required. Command entry Protext has a special feature which permits the entry of commands in a simplified fashion. For example, to save a text file it is only necessary to type 'SAVE' and Protext will prompt with 'SAVE filename:' and wait for entry of a name for the text file. Alternatively, the parameters of a command may be entered on the same line as the command name, e.g. 'LOAD report', 'SAVE letter'. In this way the commands may be used without the prompts for the parameters appearing, which is often more convenient when familiar with the syntax of the commands. If more than one parameter is specified, they may be separated either by spaces or commas. F All commands which require a parameter will prompt for them if the command is used on its own. Commands which have optional parameters require these to be entered at the same time as the command. Protext provides a sophisticated line editing facility which is in operation whenever commands are being typed in. If a mistake is made the cursor can be moved back and the mistake corrected in the same way as in edit mode. The line editing commands that are available are listed below. 12 Command Mode Protext Line editing facilities  Move cursor left one character. Move cursor right one character. SHIFT- Move left one word. SHIFT- Move right one word. CTRL- Move to start of line. CTRL- Move to end of line. DEL Delete at cursor. DEL Delete before cursor. CTRL-A Alternate characters. CTRL-DEL Delete to beginning of line. CTRL-E Delete to end of line. CTRL-TAB or INS Switch between insert and overwrite modes. ESC Abandon entry of current command. Protext remembers the previous 50 commands entered at the command mode prompt. These may be recalled with  or  cursor keys.  advances forwards through the buffer, whilst  will recall the last command used and if pressed repeatedly, will recall the earlier commands in turn. When 50 commands have been entered, the first command will be overwritten and so on. When recalling the commands, they will automatically loop again once the beginning or end of the buffer is reached. Once the required command is found, it may be edited in the normal way and the altered command will replace the original in the buffer. The easiest way to see how this works is to enter a few commands and then use the up and down cursor keys to see the order in which they are recalled. It is also possible to directly recall previous commands with a given first few characters (for example all command lines starting with SW). To do this type the characters to match and press SHIFT-. Abbreviations Many of the commands can be abbreviated. For example, there is no need to type 'LOAD' in full, typing 'L' will serve the same purpose. Similarly 'S' for 'SAVE' and 'P' for 'PRINT'. A full list of the commands, abbreviations and their parameter syntax, is given in the next chapter. Protext Command Mode 13 The current filename After a file has been loaded, or once a piece of text has been saved, the name of the file will be displayed on the status line. This becomes the 'current filename' and is remembered by Protext until changed, either by saving with another name, by use of the NAME command, or by loading a new file. Once a file has a current filename the name may be omitted when saving a file. Entering the SAVE command, and just pressing RETURN when the 'SAVE filename:' prompt appears, will save the file with the current filename. Care must be taken to ensure that it is indeed the correct name, to avoid accidentally erasing something else. If the name displayed is not the correct one, it can be edited. Directories ST Directories are usually called 'folders' in Atari documentation. Protext fully supports the directory tree structure and commands to create and delete directories are provided. It is possible, using CONFIG, to specify directories on which Protext should search for dictionaries, external programs etc. See 'Configuration' for details of how to do this. Directory paths and drives may also be specified as part of the filename when loading or saving files, in the usual fashion. For example, typing:- LOAD B:\PROTEXT\LETTERS\MYLETTER will load the file called 'MYLETTER' which is in the 'LETTERS' directory, which is a subdirectory of 'PROTEXT', which, in turn, is a subdirectory of the root directory of the disk in the second floppy drive. The current directory is displayed on the banner line. If a file is saved without specifying a full pathname as in the above example it will be saved in this current directory. The current directory can be changed using the command CD. If a file is saved after changing the current directory and a new name is not chosen it will still be saved in its original directory because the full pathname is remembered with the current filename. Search path and temporary text path When Protext is installed these two paths will be set up in the configuration file. The STATUS command can be used to display their settings. The temporary text path determines where Protext will save any temporary files it creates while editing large files. It is also used for auto-saved files which have no name or which were opened on a network drive. 14 Command Mode Protext The search path specifies a directory in which Protext will search for the following files: (a) the external programs CONFIG, CONVERT and FSORT. (b) the macro and glossary files, PROTEXT.KEY and PROTEXT.GLS. (c) the help file, PROTEXT6.HLP. Separate paths are used for spelling checker files and for printer drivers. Filenames Filenames can be up to 8 characters long, optionally followed by a full stop and a file extension of up to 3 characters. PC Filenames may not contain spaces or any of the following: " * + , . / : ; < = > ? [ \ ] | ST Filenames may not contain spaces or any of the following: < > | / [ ] , : ; { } * ? " ^ \ Backup files Whenever a file is saved the original is preserved as a backup file. The name of the backup file is the same as the original but with the suffix '.BAK'. CONFIG may be used to prevent this automatic creation of backup files, but this is not normally recommended. If a mistake has been made during editing or the new version is accidentally deleted, the backup file may be loaded in order to retrieve the lost text. See also the section about automatic saving in 'Miscellaneous editing commands'. The backup name is created by changing the 3 character file extension. Thus there is only one backup file for two files whose names have the same first 8 characters. For example, suppose there are two files called 'LETTER' and 'LETTER.2'. When 'LETTER' is saved the old version will become 'LETTER.BAK'. If 'LETTER.2' is then edited and saved, the old version of that will become 'LETTER.BAK', replacing the backup of 'LETTER'. Changing disks and drives The currently selected drive is indicated by the letter prefixing the command mode prompt e.g. 'C¯'. Drives may be changed by just typing the drive letter. Drives A to E may be specified by typing the letter without the terminating colon, but any other valid drive can be selected by typing the drive letter followed by the colon. For example, 'F:'. When a drive is changed, the command mode prompt letter will change to suit the new drive. Drives may be catalogued at any time by using the CAT command or pressing F2. Protext Command Mode 15 Scroll lock Commands such as TYPE and PS can output to the screen very quickly and although ESC can be used to pause the display it may be too fast to see what is passing by. For this reason Protext can operate in a 'scroll lock' mode. A screenful is displayed at a time. Press any key (except ESC) to see the next screenful. If TAB is pressed the screen is cleared before continuing; this is useful with a graphic display which scrolls slowly. PC The Scroll Lock key is used to turn this mode on and off. This may be used at any time, even while a command is working. ST There is no scroll lock key so the scroll lock function is provided by the keystroke CTRL-HELP. Wildcards Many of the commands allow the use of ambiguous filenames. An ambiguous filename is one which contains 'wildcards'. Protext has two types of wildcards. ? may be used to mean 'any single character'. * may be used to indicate 'any number of characters'. For example: DATA?.TXT All filenames beginning with 'DATA' and having one further character (which may be blank), with the suffix 'TXT'. B*.* All filenames beginning with 'B', of any length and any suffix. *.* All files. Only one '*' may be used in each part of the filename and suffix. Running External Programs from Protext Protext command mode allows other utilities and applications to be called from it. Most programs, assuming there is sufficient room in memory for both Protext and the other program, can be run in this way. When the program which has been called has been exited, the Protext command prompt will return. In some cases it may be found that a Protext command has the same name as another program or command. If this happens, the Protext command is the one that will be carried out. In order to force the other to be used, the command should be prefixed with an asterisk. For example, to use an external program called 'PRINT', which is a Protext command, type '*PRINT'. 16 Command Mode Protext PC There are a number of MS-DOS commands which will be found useful when using Protext. They may be used as if they were Protext commands and on completion, the Protext command prompt will re-appear. Some of the more useful commands include: COPY, DISKCOPY and FORMAT. Consult the MS-DOS manual for details. Many of the other MS-DOS commands are provided by Protext anyway such as CD, DEL, MD, RD, REN. When using the 16 bit edition there will initially not be enough memory to run large programs. However, virtually any program can be run by swapping out the Protext program and data while the program is running. All but about 7K of the memory is freed. The swapped out code and data will be held in EMS memory, providing that sufficient is available. If there is not enough EMS memory it will be saved to disk in the temporary text path directory as a file with the extension '.PRG'. To swap Protext out, prefix the command name with a hash (#). For example #PRODATA SALES will run Prodata from the Protext command line and open the database called 'SALES'. To swap just part of the memory out, a number may be given. This may be useful if using a slow hard disk as the command will execute more quickly. For example '#100 COPY *.DOC A:\' will swap approximately 100K of memory out, which is sufficient for COPY to run. The '#' prefix has no effect when using the 32 bit edition. Exec Files Exec files are created with Protext to carry out special tasks. An exec file may be used to automate frequently used sequences of commands and to enter sections of text, amongst other things. What is an exec file? An exec file is a file that may contain text, commands and codes and which, when called with the EXEC command, will be read by Protext and the contents treated and acted on, as if they had been typed in at the keyboard. They are created in just the same way as any other text file, but what makes them different is the content of the file and the way it is used later. Protext Command Mode 17 Creating an exec file Creating an exec file is as simple as typing the required text and control codes in, as would be done with any document. Protext will understand the control codes to be instructions to carry out the commands. In addition to ordinary text, any of Protext's command mode commands may be used. Each of Protext's edit mode commands, such as CTRL-F to format a paragraph and CTRL-<, to jump to the start of the paragraph, have their own code values, as do all the characters which appear on the screen when a key is pressed. The command 'CODE' can be used to discover the code for any key press. It is also possible to insert macro tokens and these are expanded to the contents of the token. Codes must be entered in a special way, otherwise Protext will consider them to be ordinary text. A special 'Escape character', the vertical bar (|), is used to tell Protext that the information which follows is a code. On English keyboards this is obtained by pressing SHIFT-\. The escape codes are exactly the same as used in macro definitions except that the bar (|) is used instead of the circumflex (^). (See MACRO in the 'Commands' chapter). Example exec file to change every occurrence of a certain word to another word in a number of files. L file1 R "PROTEXT" "Protext" GA S|13| L file2 R "PROTEXT" "Protext" GA S|13| L file3 R "PROTEXT" "Protext" GA S|13| In the above example, 'L file1' is the command to load a file called 'file1' and 'R "PROTEXT" "Protext" GA' is the REPLACE command used with the options to make it global and automatic. 'S |13|' is the SAVE command. The process is then repeated for 'file2' and so on. F When a new line is used, Protext takes this to mean that a carriage return character (CR) is required, as would normally be given by pressing RETURN after entering the command. In the case of the lines concerned with saving, escape characters have been used to insert an extra CR code into the file. The reason for this is that if a file is to be saved with the same name, then RETURN is pressed once after entering the 'S' and again to confirm the same filename. 18 Command Mode Protext Using exec files Exec files may be used at any time by typing EXEC from command mode, followed by the name of the file to be executed. The PAUSE command is useful for waiting for a disk to be changed between commands in an exec file (see 'Commands'). F It is not possible to 'nest' exec files within other exec files. It is, however, possible to call an exec file from within another but any lines after the EXEC line within the first file will be ignored. An EXEC command would therefore normally only appear as the last line in an exec file. Using an exec file when loading Protext Each time Protext is loaded, it is possible for an exec file to be executed and by default the file called 'EXFILE' will be executed. The name of the file to be executed can be changed using CONFIG. Protext Command Mode 19 3. Commands This chapter gives an alphabetical list of the commands available in command mode. A description of the command is given together with any optional extensions to the basic command, plus details of the command syntax in cases where the command takes parameters that can be entered on the same line. F Letters in brackets, following a command name, are abbreviations or alternatives to the command and may be used instead. Extensions are optional parameters which may be specified to perform variations on the simple command. The Commands A Description: Selects drive A. See also: B, C, CHDIR, D, DRIVE, E, 0 ABANDON (AB) Description: This empties Protext's printer buffer, so that it stops sending any more characters to the printer. It also takes the printer out of the 'on STOP' condition. The 'abandon code sequence' is also sent to the printer. (PC only: If a parallel printer is being used the printer reset line is 'pulsed'). In many cases the combination of these operations will cause the printer to abandon its own buffer contents, though this is not always possible. See also: BACK, CONT, STOP ACCESS (ACC) Syntax: ACCESS Description: Sets the status of a file or files to 'Read-write'. Wildcards are permitted. See PROTECT for details of the reverse operation. See also: PROTECT ANAGRAM (AN) Syntax: ANAGRAM (dictfile) Description: Anagram search. This command will search the dictionary for words which match the specified word pattern and display them on screen. A word pattern can consist of letters, apostrophes and two special 'wildcard' characters. This command can be used to great effect when solving or compiling crosswords. ? stands for a single unknown letter * stands for any number of unknown letters (can be zero). The following examples show the way in which the word pattern is used. Word pattern Words listed 20 Commands Protext NAME Anagrams of 'NAME', e.g. 'AMEN', 'MANE', 'NAME' NAME? Words containing the letters 'N', 'A', 'M', 'E', and one other, e.g. 'NAMED', 'MEANS' II???? 6 letter words containing two Is KK* Words containing 2 Ks (any length) ??????????* Words of 10 or more letters See also: FINDW B Description: Selects drive B. If drive B is not fitted this causes drive A to be accessed as drive B. See also: A, C, CHDIR, D, DRIVE, E, 1 BACK Syntax: BACK ON BACK OFF Description: This command turns the background printing feature on or off. The default setting is 'on'. See also: ABANDON, CONT, STOP BUILD (BU) Syntax: BUILD Description: Writes unrecognised words from to . This command carries out a spelling check on the specified file, but instead of offering any unrecognised words for correction, it writes them to the specified file. The words may then be added to a dictionary by using the INSWORDS command. This is a particularly useful way of adding words which are known to be correct (but are not recognised by the dictionary) to one of the dictionaries. An example of this would be a text file which contained a number of technical words (medical words, technical jargon etc.) which it is desirable to add to a dictionary. This method may be found much quicker than checking the file in the normal way and selecting the Store option for each word. See also: DELWORDS, INSWORDS, SPELL C Description: Selects drive C, if fitted. See also: A, B, CHDIR, D, DRIVE, E CALC (CA) Syntax: CA ? Description: A numeric calculator. Operators +, -, *, / are valid and calculation is by operator priority. Multiplication (*) and division (/) take precedence over addition (+) and subtraction (-), but the order of calculation may be forced by the use of brackets round the parts requiring calculation first. For example, '(2+5)*4' will add 2 to 5 Protext Commands 21 and multiply by 4, giving the answer 28, whereas '2+5*4' would multiply 5 by 4 and then add 2, giving 22. The result is displayed on the screen and may be inserted into the text, at the current cursor position, in one of two ways. Pressing the space bar will insert the integer part of the result. Pressing one of the number keys will insert the result with the number of decimal places specified by the number key pressed. Pressing ESC will not put the result into the document and pressing ESC again will return to edit mode. The '?' form of the command works slightly differently. The result is displayed in hexadecimal and binary and there is no option to insert the result into the text. Other operators can be used in an expression, as described in the 'Expression Evaluator' section in the 'Stored Commands' chapter. CAT Syntax: CAT (drive:)(path\)(ambiguous filename) Description: This command displays names and sizes of files that are stored on disk. Optionally, the drive, path and ambiguous filenames may be specified. The filenames are displayed in alphabetically sorted order and the file size is shown, rounded to the nearest K (1024 bytes). See also: DIR 22 Commands Protext CHDIR (CD) Syntax: CD Description: Changes the directory to that specified by the pathname. Two special options are available. Specifying 'CD \' will select the root directory and 'CD ..' (two full stops) will select the directory from which the current directory branches (the parent directory). See also: A, B, C, D, DRIVE, E, MKDIR, RMDIR CLEAR Syntax: CLEAR CLEAR ALL CLEAR Description: Clears text from memory. The three forms shown will clear, respectively, the current document, all documents and one or more specified documents. Any words ignored whilst spell checking are 'forgotten' and the default setting of document/program mode is restored. CLEAR gives a warning if any files are unsaved. Examples: CLEAR 3 CLEAR 1 3 4 9 CLEARGLOSS (CLRG) Syntax: CLRG Description: All glossary definitions are cleared. See also: GLOSS, LOADGLOSS, SAVEGLOSS CLEARKEYS (CLRK) Syntax: CLRK (N) Description: All macro definitions are cleared and the default function key definitions are reinstated, unless the 'N' option is given in which case the defaults are not set up. This will not restore any definitions set up by the user - the LOADKEYS command should be used to do this. See also: LOADKEYS, MACRO, SAVEKEYS CLS Description: Clears the screen, except for the status line. Useful for mail merge routines and exec files. Protext Commands 23 CODE Description: This waits for a key to be pressed and then displays the token returned by the key. CODE should be used to ascertain the token numbers to be used to include commands in expansion strings when using the MACRO command. See also: MACRO CONFIG (CFG) Description: Runs the external program 'CONFIG'. See 'Configuration' in the User Manual. See also: LOADCFG, STATUS CONT (CO) Description: This command continues the background printing operation, and starts sending characters from Protext's printer buffer to the printer. It also displays the number of bytes left in the buffer. See also: ABANDON, BACK, STOP CONVERT (CV) Description: Runs the external program 'CONVERT'. See 'File Conversion'. COPY ST only Syntax: COPY (destname) Description: Copies a file or files to the specified disk and/or path. Wildcards may be used in . If the names are not to be changed, it is not necessary to specify the (destname). Examples: COPY letter A: (copies 'letter' from current directory to drive A) COPY A:*.* B: (copies all files from root directory on A to B) PC Note: Use the MS-DOS command 'COPY'. COUNT (CT) Syntax: COUNT (