HP C527XA, HP C528XA, and HP C543XA AT/E-IDE HARD DRIVES Technical Reference Manual January 1996 Edition 2 Printing History This manual will be revised without notice in order to reflect the latest version of the product it describes. New editions are complete revisions of the manual. The dates on the title page change only when a new edition is published. Many product updates do not require manual changes and, conversely, manual corrections may be done without accompanying product changes. Edition 1 October 1995 Edition 2 January 1996 Copyright 1996 by Hewlett-Packard Company Before You Begin... This manual provides technical information for OEM engineers and system integrators regarding the installation and use of the C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA AT/E-IDE Series hard drives. Before unpacking the drive, please read Sections 1, 2, and 3. CAUTION: The HP hard drives are precision products. Failure to follow these precautions and guidelines outlined here may lead to product failure, damage, and invalidation of all warranties. 1. BEFORE unpacking or handling a drive, take all proper electro- static discharge (ESD) precautions, including personnel and equipment grounding. Stand-alone drives are sensitive to ESD damage. 2. BEFORE removing drives from their packing material, allow them to reach room temperature. 3. During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive. 4. Once a drive is removed from the HP shipping container, IMMEDIATELY secure the drive through its mounting holes within a chassis. Otherwise, store the drive on a padded, grounded, antistatic surface. 5. NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive's connector. NEVER connect a live bus to the drive's interface connector. NOTE: Do not remove or cover up HP factory- installed drive labels. They contain information required should the drive ever need repair. In the event that your hard drive(s) needs to be replaced, please refer to the instructions on your hard drive label. CONTENTS HP C527XA, HP C528XA, AND HP C543XA AT/E-IDE HARD DRIVES 1 INTRODUCTION FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION MICROPROCESSOR 128/64 KBYTE CACHE ZONE DENSITY RECORDING READ/WRITE MULTIPLE MODE EISA TYPE "B" AND TYPE "F" DMA MODES SECTOR ADDRESS TRANSLATION LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING DEFECT MANAGEMENT ZONE (DMZ) AUTOMATIC WRITE REALLOCATION (AWR) ERROR CORRECTION CODE AUTOMATIC HEADPARK AND LOCK OPERATION MAJOR HDA COMPONENTS AIR FILTRATION SYSTEM READ/WRITE ELECTRONICS READ/WRITE HEADS AND DISKS DRIVE MECHANISM VOICE COIL ACTUATOR SUBSYSTEM CONFIGURATION DUAL DRIVE SUPPORT JUMPER LOCATIONS 2 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION FOR C5270A, C5271A, C5280A, AND C5281A PERFORMANCE FOR C5270A, C5271A, C5280A, AND C5281A PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION FOR C5272A, C5273A, C5283A, C5435A, AND C5436A PERFORMANCE FOR C5272A, C5273A, C5283A, C5435A, AND C5436A POWER REQUIREMENTS (AVERAGE) POWER MODE DEFINITIONS PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTENANCE ERROR RATES SHOCK AND VIBRATION ACOUSTIC NOISE EMC/EMI STANDARD TEST METHODS SAFETY REGULATORY COMPLIANCE EMC COMPLIANCE CANADIAN EMISSIONS STATEMENT EPA ENERGY STAR COMPLIANCE 3 HANDLING AND INSTALLATION HANDLING INSTALLATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT 4 AT/E-IDE INTERFACE DESCRIPTION INTERFACE CONNECTOR PIN DESCRIPTION SUMMARY PIN DESCRIPTION TABLE HOST INTERFACE TIMING 5 HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE TASK FILE REGISTERS COMMAND SUMMARY CONTROL DIAGNOSTIC REGISTERS RESET AND INTERRUPT HANDLING 6 INTERFACE COMMANDS READ COMMANDS WRITE COMMANDS SET/CHECK MODE COMMANDS POWER MODE COMMANDS INITIALIZATION COMMANDS SEEK, FORMAT, AND DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS 1 INTRODUCTION HP AT/E-IDE hard drives are 1" high 3.5" random access storage devices which incorporate an on-board AT/E-IDE controller. HP engineers have applied recent advances in hard drive technology to the design and manufacture of these drives. High data transfer rates and fast access times make them especially well-suited to desktop and workstation applications. Product features include: * <12 millisecond seek time * Low power consumption * AT/E-IDE power savings commands * Supports EPA Energy Star Standards (Green PC Friendly) * High reliability with >300,000 hours MTBF * ANSI AT/E-IDE compliant PIO Mode 4 interface (Enhanced IDE) * High non-operating shock resistance (100 Gs) * High durability with > or = to 50K constant start/stop cycles * 128K/64K buffer with Cache manager algorithms (Models HP C5272A and C5435A have a 64K buffer. All other models have a 128K buffer) * Advanced multiburst on-the-fly Error Correction Code (ECC) * Extended data integrity with ECC protected data, VID sector fields and fault tolerant servo synchronization fields. * Autopark/lock * Zone density recording * Superior data throughput * S.M.A.R.T.** Compliant on the following hard drives: HP C5272A, C5273A, C5283A, C5435A, and C5436A. **S.M.A.R.T. is an acronymn for Self Monitoring And Reporting Technology. HP defines one megabyte as 10^6 or one million bytes. Section 2 Product Specifications, lists drive specifications. This product manual is intended for use by engineers and other industry professionals who need detailed information about the drives. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION HP C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA AT/E-IDE hard drives contain all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret control signals and commands from an AT/E-IDE-compatible host computer. MICROPROCESSOR The microprocessor controls these functions: * Host interface * Command execution * Cache management * Data correction and error recovery * Diagnostic execution * Data sequencing * Head positioning (including error recovery) * Index detection * Spin speed control * Seeks and Servo * Interface component (interfaces between: the microprocessor, servo electronics, host and I/O ports, data encoder/decoder) 128/64 KBYTE CACHE Buffer Segmentation The data buffer is organized into three segments: the read buffer, the write buffer and a micro controller scratch pad. The read segment operates as a circular read-ahead buffer. During write operations, the write segment contains the host write data. Commands AT/E-IDE Read Buffer (E4) and AT/E-IDE Write Buffer (E8) are implemented per CAM specification 4a. Read-Ahead Mode Normally, this mode is active. Following a read request, disk read- ahead begins on the first sector and continues sequentially until the buffer is full. If a read request is received during the read- ahead operation, the buffer is examined to determine if the request is in the cache. If a cache hit occurs, read-ahead mode continues without interruption and the host transfer begins immediately. Read-Ahead Latency Mode This mode differs from regular read-ahead mode as follows: When a cache hit is unavailable and disk read-ahead is active, this mode determines if the host-requested data is in the current read-ahead range (20 sectors) a.) If the requested data is inside that range, disk read-ahead places the data in the buffer, and the host transfer begins b.) If the requested data is outside that range, the disk read-ahead operation aborts and a new disk read request begins. Write Cache Stacking Normally, this mode is active. Write cache mode accepts the host write data into the buffer until the buffer is full or host transfer is complete. A command complete interrupt is generated at the end of the transfer. A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk. If another host write command is received during that task, a validation determines 1.) if the write request is sequential to the last operation, and 2.) if there is enough buffer space. If both of these conditions are true, the host data is accepted and a command complete is generated. The disk write task in progress is extended to include the new write data. Stacking continues until the buffer is full. ZONE DENSITY RECORDING The disk capacity is increased with bit density management - common with Zone Density Recording. Each disk surface is divided into 10 circumferential zones. All tracks within a given zone contain a constant number of data sectors. The number of data sectors per track varies in different zones; the outermost zone contains the largest number of data sectors and the innermost contains the fewest. READ/WRITE MULTIPLE MODE This mode is implemented per AT/E-IDE CAM specification 4a. Read/Write Multiple allows the host to transfer a set number of sectors without an interrupt request between them, reducing transfer process overhead and improving host performance. EISA TYPE "B" AND TYPE "F" DMA MODES Direct Memory Access (DMA) transfers improves system performance by significantly improving throughput. SECTOR ADDRESS TRANSLATION All the HP hard drives listed in the table below feature a universal translate mode. In an AT/E-IDE-class system, the drive may be configured to any specified combination of cylinders, heads, and sectors (within the range of the drive's formatted capacity). These drives power-up in a translate mode: Model Cylinders Heads Sectors Per Track C5270A 2105 16 63 C5271A 3158 16 63 C5272A 2595 16 63 C5273A 3893 16 63 C5280A 2105 16 63 C5281A 3158 16 63 C5283A 3893 16 63 C5435A 2595 16 63 C5436A 3893 16 63 LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING The Logical Block Address (LBA) mode can only be utilized in systems that support this form of translation. The cylinder, head, and sector geometry of the drive, as presented to the host, differs from the actual physical geometry. The host AT/E-IDE computer may access a drive of set parameters: number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track, plus cylinder, head, and sector addresses. However, the drive cannot use these host parameters directly because of zoned recording techniques. The drive translates the host parameters to a set of logical internal addresses for data access. The host drive geometry parameters are mapped into an LBA based on this formula: LBA = (HSCA - 1) + HHDA x HSPT + HNHD x HSPT x HCYA (1) = (HSCA - 1) + HSPT x (HHDA + HNHD x HCYA) (2) where HSCA = Host Sector Address, HHDA = Host Head Address HCYA = Host Cylinder Address, HNHD = Host Number of Heads HSPT = Host Sectors per Track The LBA is checked for violating the drive capacity. If it does not, the LBA is converted to physical drive cylinder, head, and sector values. The physical address is then used to access the data stored on the disk and other drive related operations. For more information, refer to Section 6, Initialize Drive Parameters Command. DEFECT MANAGEMENT ZONE (DMZ) Each drive model has a fixed number of spare sectors per DMZ, all of which are located at the end of each DMZ: C5270A, C5272A, C5280A, and C5435A = 4 spare sectors C5271A, C5273A, C5281A, C5283A, and C5436A = 6 spare sectors Upon detection of a bad sector that has been reassigned, the next sequential sector is used. For example, if sector 3 is flagged, data that would have been stored there is "pushed down" and recorded in sector 4. Sector 4 then effectively becomes sector 3, as sequential sectors are "pushed down." The first spare sector makes up for the loss of sector 3, and so maintains the sequential order of data, with three spare sectors still allocated for that DMZ. This push down method assures maximum performance. In the rare occurrence that the number of reassigned bad sectors exceeds the number of spare sectors allocated for that DMZ, an alternate track area in Zone 6 of the disk is used. All models have five (5) alternate tracks per surface. AUTOMATIC WRITE REALLOCATION (AWR) This feature is part of the write cache and reduces the risk of data loss during deferred write operations. If a disk I.D. error occurs during the disk write process, the disk task stops and the suspect sector is reallocated. Following reallocation, the disk write task continues until it is complete. ERROR CORRECTION CODE There are two types of ECC: on-the-fly hardware ECC and software ECC correction. On-the-Fly Hardware ECC 41 bits, single burst, guaranteed 17 bits, double burst, guaranteed Software ECC Correction 113 bits, single burst, guaranteed 17 bits, five bursts, guaranteed AUTOMATIC HEADPARK AND LOCK OPERATION Immediately following power down, dynamic braking of the spinning disks delays momentarily allowing the heads to move to an inner mechanical stop. A small fixed magnet holds the heads in place as the disk spins down. The heads are released only when power is again applied. MAJOR HDA COMPONENTS AIR FILTRATION SYSTEM All HP C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA Series hard drives are designed to operate in a typical office environment with minimum environmental control. Over the life of the drive, a 0.3 micron filter and breather filter (located within the HDA) maintains a clean environment to the heads and disks. READ/WRITE ELECTRONICS An integrated circuit mounted within the sealed enclosure (near the read/write heads) provides selection for up to six head (depending on the model), read preamplification, and write drive circuitry. READ/WRITE HEADS AND DISKS Low mass, low force read/write heads record data on 3.5" diameter disks. HP uses a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for HP C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA Series hard drives. DRIVE MECHANISM A brushless DC direct drive motor rotates the spindle at 4,480 RPM (0.1%). The dynamically balanced motor/spindle assembly ensures minimal mechanical runout to the disks. A dynamic brake provides a fast stop to the spindle motor upon power removal. The speed tolerance includes motor performance and motor circuit tolerances. VOICE COIL ACTUATOR All HP C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA Series hard drives employ a rotary voice coil actuator which consists of a moving coil, an E- block or actuator arm assembly, and stationary magnets. The actuator moves on a low-mass, low-friction center shaft. The low friction generated contributes to fast average access time and low power consumption. SUBSYSTEM CONFIGURATION DUAL DRIVE SUPPORT Two drives may be accessed via a common interface cable, using the same range of I/O addresses. The drives are jumpered as drive 0 or 1 (Master/Slave), and are selected by the drive select bit in the Drive/Head register of the task file. All Task File registers are written in parallel to both drives. The interface processor on each drive decides whether a command written to it should be executed; this depends on the type of command and which drive is selected. Only the drive selected executes the command and activates the data bus in response to host I/O reads; the drive not selected remains inactive. A master/slave relationship exists between the two drives: drive 0 is the master and drive 1 the slave. When J20 is closed (factory default), the drive assumes the role of master; when open, the drive acts as a slave. In single drive configurations, J20 must be closed. Cable Select CSEL (cable select) is an optional feature per AT/E-IDE CAM specification. Drives configured in a multiple drive system are identified by CSEL's value: - If CSEL is grounded, then the drive address is 0. (Primary) - If CSEL is open, then the drive address is 1. (Secondary) NOTE: If the Cable Select jumper (J24) is installed, the Primary/Secondary jumper (J20) will be ignored. JUMPER LOCATIONS (Refer to the Microsoft Word file called "JMPRPIC.DOC" for the jumper diagram) Primary/Secondary Drive Option J20 Only drive in single drive system Jumper installed Primary (Master) drive in dual drive Jumper installed system Secondary (Slave) drive in dual drive Jumper removed system Write Cache Enable J23 Enable write cache Jumper removed Disable write cache Jumper installed Cable Select J24 Disable cable select Jumper removed Enable cable select (J20 is ignored) Jumper installed 2 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION FOR C5270A, C5271A, C5280A, AND C5281A Formatted capacity in LBA mode (MBytes)* C5270A 1084 MB C5271A 1626 MB C5280A 1084 MB C5281A 1626 MB Actuator type Rotary voice coil Servo system Embedded Data zones per surface 10 Number of disks C5270A 2 C5271A 3 C5280A 2 C5281A 3 Data surfaces C5270A 4 C5271A 6 C5280A 4 C5281A 6 Data heads C5270A 4 C5271A 6 C5280A 4 C5281A 6 Sectors per drive (user) C5270A 2,121,840 C5271A 3,183,264 C5280A 2,121,840 C5281A 3,183,264 Bytes per sector 512 Sectors per track Zone 1 156 Zone 2 154 Zone 3 150 Zone 4 140 Zone 5 132 Zone 6 126 Zone 7 120 Zone 8 108 Zone 9 100 Zone 10 90 Track density (tpi) 4,330 Flux density (kfci) 69.09 maximum Recording density 92.12 maximum (kbpi) Encoding method RLL 1,7 Interleave 1:1 Interface AT/E-IDE Buffer size 128 Kbytes *Formatted capacity varies with drive type and DOS setup. PERFORMANCE FOR C5270A, C5271A, C5280A, AND C5281A Seek Performance* Track to track 2 ms Average < 12 ms Full stroke < 25 ms Rotation speed (0.1%) 4,480 RPM Controller overhead 0.3 ms Average latency 6.7 ms Data transfer rate (MBytes per second) To/from media Zone 1 - 8.10 Zone 6 - 6.50 Zone 2 - 8.02 Zone 7 - 5.94 Zone 3 - 7.68 Zone 8 - 5.55 Zone 4 - 7.18 Zone 9 - 5.08 Zone 5 - 6.80 Zone 10 - 4.61 To/from host (without PIO Mode 3, 11.1 I/O CHRDY) MBs, 180 ns To/from host (with I/O PIO Mode 4, 16.6 CHRDY) MBs, 120 ns DMA transfers Mode 2 Start time (0 - Drive Ready) Typical < or = to 10.5 sec Stop time Typical < or = to 4.24 sec *Average - Drive measured as physical motion, including settling time and servo overhead. PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION FOR C5272A, C5273A, C5283A, C5435A, AND C5436A Formatted capacity in LBA mode (MBytes)* C5272A 1336 MB C5273A 2004 MB C5283A 2004 MB C5435A 1336 MB C5436A 2004 MB Actuator type Rotary voice coil Servo system Embedded Data zones per surface 10 Number of disks C5272A 2 C5273A 3 C5283A 3 C5435A 2 C5436A 3 Data surfaces C5272A 4 C5273A 6 C5283A 6 C5435A 4 C5436A 6 Data heads C5272A 4 C5273A 6 C5283A 6 C5435A 4 C5436A 6 Sectors per drive (user) C5272A 2,616,240 C5273A 3,924,360 C5283A 3,924,360 C5435A 2,616,240 C5436A 3,924,360 Bytes per sector 512 Sectors per track Zone 1 162 Zone 6 126 Zone 2 156 Zone 7 120 Zone 3 150 Zone 8 108 Zone 4 140 Zone 9 100 Zone 5 132 Zone 10 94 Track density (tpi) 4,880 Flux density (kfci) 73.5 maximum Recording density 98.0 maximum (kbpi) Encoding method RLL 1,7 Interleave 1:1 Interface AT/E-IDE Buffer size C5273A, C5283A, and 128 Kbytes C5436A C5272A and C5435A 64 Kbytes *Formatted capacity varies with drive type and DOS setup. PERFORMANCE FOR C5272A, C5273A, C5283A, C5435A, AND C5436A Seek Performance* Track to track 2 ms Average < 12 ms Full stroke < 25 ms Rotation speed (0.1%) 4,480 RPM Controller overhead 0.3 ms Average latency 6.7 ms Data transfer rate (MBytes per second) To/from media Zone 1 - 8.10 Zone 6 - 6.31 Zone 2 - 7.79 Zone 7 - 5.86 Zone 3 - 7.46 Zone 8 - 5.41 Zone 4 - 6.99 Zone 9 - 5.00 Zone 5 - 6.61 Zone 10 - 4.74 To/from host (without PIO Mode 3, 11.1 I/O CHRDY) MBs, 180 ns To/from host (with I/O PIO Mode 4, 16.6 CHRDY) MBs, 120 ns DMA transfers Mode 2 Start time (0 - Drive Ready) Typical < or = to 9.9 sec Stop time Typical < or = to 4 sec *Average - Drive measured as physical motion, including settling time and servo overhead. POWER REQUIREMENTS (AVERAGE) Mode +12 V DC +-8% +5 V DC +-5% Power Spin-up 1.24 A peak 331 mA 9.69 W** Read/Write* 231 mA 453 mA 5.04 W Active* 408 mA 425 mA 7.02 W Idle* 198 mA 405 mA 4.40 W Standby* 0.96 mA 253 mA 1.28 W Sleep* 1.02 mA 199 mA 1.01 W Maximum power supply ripple allowed: 100 mV peak to peak, 0-20 Mhz. * = Total RMS ** = 1 second maximum POWER MODE DEFINITIONS Spin-up The drive is spinning up following initial application of power and has not yet reached full speed. Maximum current draw lasts one second. Read/Write Data is being read from or written to the drive. Active The drive is spinning and most circuitry is powered on. The drive is capable of responding to read commands in the shortest possible time. Read/Write heads are positioned over the data area. Idle The drive is spinning, the actuator is parked and powered off, and all other circuitry is powered on. The drive is capable of responding to read commands within 40 ms. Standby The spin motor is not spinning. The drive will leave this mode upon receipt of a command that requires disk access. The time-out value for this mode is programmable. The buffer is active to accept write data. Sleep This is the lowest power state. The interface becomes inactive. A software or hardware reset is required to return the drive to Standby. PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS Height: 1.00" (25.4 mm) Width: 4.00" (101.6 mm) Length: 5.75" (146.1 mm) Weight: 1.2 lbs. (0.5 kg) ENVIRONMENTAL Temperature Operating 5 deg C to 55 deg C Non-operating Low temperature (-40 deg C) per /Storage MIL-STD-810E, Method 502.3. High temperature (71 deg C) per MIL-STD-810E, Method 501.3, Climatic Category; Hot-induced Conditions Relative Humidity (non- condensing) Operating 5% to 95% Non-operating 5% to 95% /Storage Maximum Wet Bulb 27 deg C Thermal Shock Low temperature Per MIL-STD-810E, Method 503.3, (-20 deg C to +25 Storage; Test Procedure I. < or deg C) = 10.0 minutes to specified operating performance. High temperature Per MIL-STD-810E, Method 503.3, and high humidity Storage; Test Procedure I. < or (+35 deg C, 80% RH = 1.0 minute to specified to +25 deg C, 50% operating performance. RH) Altitude (relative to sea level) Operating -200 to 10,000 feet (with any naturally occurring temperature and humidity within this altitude range) Non- Per MIL-STD-810E, Method 500.3, operating/Storage Low pressure (altitude) Test Procedure I. Storage; Test Condition 2, Transport aircraft cargo compartment pressure. RELIABILITY AND MAINTENANCE MTBF: > or equal to 300,000 hours Differentiation is not made between various usage profiles. (i.e. power-on hours, power saving modes, non-operating periods, or operating temperatures within the published specification.) Start/stop cycles: > or equal to 50,000 Measured by a reliability demonstration test method, this specification indicates (with 99% reliability) the minimum cycles for start/stop failure modes at a greater-than or equal-to 60% confidence level. AFR: < or equal to 2.9% Annualized (average) Failure Rate applies to the period prior to the expiration of component design life, and is based on failures chargeable to the manufacturer. Determination of the AFR takes into account: a) in-warranty field failure returns less quality acceptance related failures, and b) an AFR equaling an exponentially weighted moving and average monthly failure rate multiplied by 12. Component design life = 5 years (minimum) Component design life is defined as a) the time period before identified wear-out mechanisms impact the failure rate, or b) the time period up to the wear-out point at which useful component life expires. Quality acceptance rate = 99.8% (2,000 DPM) The quality acceptance rate indicates the percentage of products successfully installed by our customers, and the number of defective parts per million (DPM) Preventative maintenance = None ERROR RATES Non-recoverable data errors: <1 per 10^13 bits read Error rates are based on reliability demonstration test methods at a greater-than or equal-to 85% confidence level. The products' error recovery features are activated during testing. SHOCK AND VIBRATION Shock measured at half-sine pulse. Non-operating mechanical shock damage boundary Critical Acceleration: 100 Gs (90/90 LTL), 2.0 ms (no damage) Operational 34 Gs (90/90 LTL), 3 ms Mechanical Shock (no errors) Non-operating, Per MIL-STD-810E, Method random vibration 514.4, Basic transportation, Vertical axis PSD profile, 10-500 Hz, 60 minutes/axis. 10 Hz at 0.015 G^2/Hz 40 Hz at 0.015 G^2/Hz 500 Hz at 0.00015 G^2/Hz Operating, random Per MIL-STD-810E, Method vibration 514.4, Basic transportation, Vertical axis PSD profile, 10 minutes/axis. 10 Hz at 0.0125 G^2/Hz 40 Hz at 0.0125 G^2/Hz 500 Hz at 0.000125 G^2/Hz Operating, swept sine vibration (1 octave/minute) 5-20 Hz 0.049" (double amplitude) 20-300 Hz 2.5 G peak amplitude ACOUSTIC NOISE Averages are recorded during Idle mode. Sound power (per ISO 7779) for C5270A, 40 dBA (Typical) C5271A, C5280A, and C5281A Sound power (per ISO 7779) for C5272A, 38 dBA (Typical) C5273A, C5283A, C5435A, and C5436A EMC/EMI Radiated electromagnetic 3 dB minimum below FCC and VDE Class B field emissions limits (stand-alone test configuration) Radiated magnetic field Minimum of VDE Class B and MIL-STD- emissions 461/462, Method RE01 (stand-alone test configuration) Radiated electromagnetic < or = to 4 volts/meter rms (50 kHz to field immunity 1,000 MHz, stand-alone test configuration) Radiated magnetic field Per MIL-STD-461/462, Method RD01 (15 Hz immunity to 100 kHz, stand-alone test configuration) STANDARD TEST METHODS Traditional hard drive specifications are open to incorrect interpretation, but MIL-STD test methods accurately measure how products perform in real-world conditions. These methods have gained world-wide acceptance since they reflect actual environments, have well-defined test requirements, are easily understood and provide repeatable results. They objectively demonstrate to our customers the reliable, durable design of HP hard drives. Each MIL-STD specification provides the basic method and condition information needed for reference by a knowledgeable Test and Qualification Engineer. Acoustic specifications such as sound pressure are misleading because the test methods used are not controlled by recognizable standards. The sound pressure measurement itself is the least meaningful indicator of noise emissions as it relates to the human ear. The specification of sound power, loudness, and sharpness are considered the most accurate acoustic measurement methodologies recognized by the leading acoustic measurement experts. ISO 7779, sound power, ISO 532B, loudness and sharpness (proposed ANSI standard by Eberhard Zwicker) are repeatable test methods providing results reproducible in any properly equipped acoustic lab. SAFETY REGULATORY COMPLIANCE All HP C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA Series drives comply with relevant product safety standards such as UL, CSA, TUV, and VDE rules and regulations. As delivered, the C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA Series drives are designed for system integration before use. EMC COMPLIANCE The disk mechanism is designed as a subassembly for installation into a suitable enclosure and is therefore not suitable to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules (47CRF15) or the Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations. Although not required, the disk mechanism has been tested within a suitable end- use product and found to comply with Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications. CANADIAN EMISSIONS STATEMENT This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian department of communications. EPA ENERGY STAR COMPLIANCE HP supports the goals of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star program to reduce the electrical power consumption of computer equipment. 3 HANDLING AND INSTALLATION HANDLING CAUTION: The HP hard drives are precision products. Failure to follow these precautions and guidelines outlined here may lead to product failure, damage, and invalidation of all warranties. 1. BEFORE unpacking or handling a drive, take all proper electro- static discharge (ESD) precautions, including personnel and equipment grounding. Stand-alone drives are sensitive to ESD damage. 2. BEFORE removing drives from their packing material, allow them to reach room temperature. 3. During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive. 4. Once a drive is removed from the HP shipping container, IMMEDIATELY secure the drive through its mounting holes within a chassis. Otherwise, store the drive on a padded, grounded, antistatic surface. 5. NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive's connector. NEVER connect a live bus to the drive's interface connector. NOTE: Do not remove or cover up HP factory- installed drive labels. They contain information required should the drive ever need repair. In the event that your hard drive(s) needs to be replaced, please refer to the instructions on your hard drive label. Unpacking and Inspection Retain any packing material for reuse. Inspect the shipping container for evidence of damage in transit. Notify the carrier immediately in case of damage to the shipping container. As they are removed, inspect drives for evidence of shipping damage or loose hardware. If a drive is damaged (and no container damage is evident), notify HP immediately for drive disposition. Repacking Should an HP drive require return, repack it using the HP packing materials, including the antistatic bag. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) To avoid some of the problems associated with ESD, HP advises that anyone handling a hard drive use a wrist strap with an attached wire connected to an earth ground. Failure to take precautions against ESD voids the warranty. Manufacturers frequently experience "unsolved" component/hardware malfunctions often caused by ESD. To reduce the incidence of ESD- related problems, HP recommends that any electronics manufacturing plans include a comprehensive ESD program, the basic elements and functions of which are outlined here: ESD Program Element ESD Program Function Management Institute and maintain Chief coordinator Organize and enforce Multi-department committee Evaluate and improve Employee training Educate and inform ESD program supplies typically include: wrist and foot-worn grounding straps; countertop and floor antistatic matting; wrist strap testers; ESD video and training materials. Note: Failure to use an HP shipping carton, packed in accordance with the procedures shown here, voids the HP drive product warranty. INSTALLATION Recommended Mounting Configuration HP C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA Series hard drive designs allow greater shock tolerance than that afforded by larger, heavier drives. The drive may be mounted per the mounting dimensions, in any attitude using four size 6-32 screws with 1/8-inch maximum penetration and a maximum torque of 5 inch-pounds. Allow adequate ventilation to the drive to avoid exceeding the environmental specifications, voiding the warranty. Host Equipment HP hard drives are built to meet the highest quality standards. Like all system peripherals, they depend on host equipment for adequate power and environment in order to realize their full performance potential and to operate in compliance with applicable industry and governmental regulations. Special attention must be given to: safety, power distribution, shielding, audible noise control, temperature regulation, and electrostatic discharge. TECHNICAL SUPPORT Internet:http://www.corp.hp.com/Publish/disk FAXback service: 1-800-333-1917 (toll-free, USA only) FAXback service: 1-208-344-4809 (for international calls) BBS: 1-907-635-0650 FTP Site: ftp.hp.com /pub/information_storage/surestore/disk 4 AT/E-IDE INTERFACE DESCRIPTION INTERFACE CONNECTOR All HP C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA Series AT/E-IDE hard drives have a 40-pin interface connector mounted on the PCA. The drive may connect directly to the host; or it can also accommodate a cable connection (maximum cable length: 18 inches). PIN DESCRIPTION SUMMARY Pin Signal Pin Signal 01 Reset- 02 Ground 03 DD7 04 DD8 05 DD6 06 DD9 07 DD5 08 DD10 09 DD4 10 DD11 11 DD3 12 DD12 13 DD2 14 DD13 15 DD1 16 DD14 17 DD0 18 DD15 19 Ground 20 Key 21 DMARQ 22 Ground 23 DIOW- 24 Ground 25 DIOR- 26 Ground 27 IORDY 28 CSEL 29 DMACK- 30 Ground 31 INTRQ 32 IOCS16- 33 DA1 34 PDIAG- 35 DA0 36 DA2 37 CS1FX- 38 CS3FX- 39 DASP- 40 Ground PIN DESCRIPTION TABLE Pin Pin Name # I/O Signal Name Signal Description RESET 1 I Host Reset Reset signal from the host system, active during power up and inactive after. DD0 17 I/O Host Data Bus 16 bit bi-directional data bus between host and drive. Lower 8 bits used for register and ECC byte transfers. All 16 bits used for data transfers. DD1 15 DD2 13 DD3 11 DD4 9 DD5 7 DD6 5 DD7 3 DD8 4 DD9 6 DD10 8 DD11 10 DD12 12 DD13 14 DD14 16 DD15 18 DMARQ 21 O DMA Request This signal is used with DMACK for DMA transfers. By asserting this signal, the drive indicates that data is ready to be transferred to and from the host. DIOW- 23 I Host I/O Write strobe, the rising Write edge of which locks data from the host data bus into a register on the drive. DIOR- 25 I Host I/O Read Read strobe enables data from a register on a drive onto the host data bus. IORDY 27 O I/O Channel The signal may be driven low by the drive Ready to insert wait states into host I/O cycles. CSEL 28 Cable Select Used for Master/Slave selection via cable. Requires special cabling on host system and installation of Cable Select jumper. DMACK 29 I DMA This signal is used with Acknowledge DMARQ for DMA transfers. By asserting this signal, the host is acknowledging the receipt of data or is indicating that data is available. INTRQ 31 O Host Interrupt to the host Interrupt asserted when the drive Request requires attention from the host. IO16 32 O Host 16 Bit Indication to the host I/O system that the 16 bit data port has been addressed, and the drive is prepared to transfer a 16 bit data word. This signal is an open collector output. PDIAG- 34 I/O Passed Output by the drive if it Diagnostic is jumped in the slave mode; input to the drive if it is jumped in the master mode. The signal indicates to a master that the slave has passed its internal Diagnostic command. DA0 35 I Host Address 3-bit binary address from Bus the host to select a register in the drive. DA1 33 DA2 36 CS1FX- 37 I Host Chip Chip select from the host Select 0 used to access the Command Block registers in the drive. This signal is a decode of I/O addresses 1F0 - 1F7 hex. CS3FX- 38 I Host Chip Chip select from the host Select 1 used to access the Control registers in the drive. This signal is a decode of I/O addresses 3F6 -3F7 hex. DASP- 39 Drive Active/ Time-multiplexed, open Drive 1 collector output which Present indicates that a drive is active, or that a slave drive is present. GND 2 n/a Ground Signal ground. 19 22 24 26 30 RSVD 40 Reserved pins KEY 20 Pin used for keying the interface connector. HOST INTERFACE TIMING Host Programmed I/O Timing Values Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit TPW DIOR-/DIOW- Pulse Width 80 ns TRDA Data Valid from DIOR- 55 ns Asserted Time TWDS Write Data to DIOW- Negated 40 ns Setup Time TWDH Write Data to DIOW- Negated 10 ns Hold Time TRDH RD Data to DIOR- Negated Hold 0 20 ns Time TADS Address Setup Time 25 ns TADH Address Hold Time 10 ns TIOCSL Address Valid to IOCS16- 20 ns Setup Time 5 HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE The host communicates with the drive through a set of controller registers accessed via the host's I/O ports. These registers divide into two groups: the Task File, used for passing commands and command parameters, and the Control/Diagnostic registers. TASK FILE REGISTERS The Task File consists of eight registers used to control fixed disk operations. The host accesses each register by the I/O port address shown in this Task File register map: I/O Port Address Read Write 1F0 Data register Data register 1F1 Error register Features register 1F2 Sector Count Sector Count 1F3 Sector Number Sector Number 1F4 Cylinder Low Cylinder Low 1F5 Cylinder High Cylinder High 1F6 Drive/Head (SDH) Drive/Head (SDH) 1F7 Status register Command register Data Register Provides access to the drive's sector buffer for read and write operations. With the exception of ECC byte transfers (which, during Read long and Write long commands, are 8 bits wide), data transfers through the Data register are all 16 bits wide. Error Register A read-only register containing specific information regarding the previous command. Data interpretation differs depending on whether the controller is in operational or diagnostic mode. A power up, reset, software reset, or receipt of a diagnostic command sets the controller into diagnostic mode. This mode invalidates contents of the Status register. The contents of the Error register reflect a completion code. Issuing any command (apart from a Diagnostic command) places the controller into operational mode. In operational mode, the Error register is valid only when the Error bit in the Status register is set. The bit definitions for operational mode follow: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BB ECC 0 IDNF 0 ABRT TKO AMNF Bad Data ID Aborted Track 0 Address Block ECC Not Command Error Mark Error Found Not Found Bad Block A bad block mark detected in the ID field. No reads or writes allowed on sector marked bad. Data ECC Error An uncorrectable ECC error occurred during a Read Sector command. ID Not Found Either a matching ID field not found, or a CRC error occurred. Aborted Command Invalid commands, write fault, no seek complete, or drive not ready. Track 0 Error Track 0 was not found during execution of a Restore command. Address Mark Not The Address Mark could not be found after an ID Found match. Features Register (Formerly "Write Precompensation Register.") Enables or disables features (through the Set Features command). Sector Count Register Holds the number of sectors to be transferred during a Read or Write command, and the number of sectors per track during a Format command. A value of zero in this register implies a transfer of 256 sectors. A multi-sector operation decrements the Sector Count register. If an error occurs during such an operation, this register contains the remaining number of sectors to be transferred. Sector Number Register Holds the starting sector number for any disk operation. The register is updated as each sector is processed in a multi-sector operation. Cylinder Number Registers The two 8-bit Cylinder Number registers (Low and High) specify the starting cylinder argument for disk operation. Drive/Head Register (SDH) Used to specify the drive and head number to be operated on during any disk operations which follow. Within the context of a Set Parameters command, this register specifies the maximum number of heads on the drive. Bit definitions follow: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 LBA 1 DRV H3 H2 H1 H0 LBA Drive Head Head Head Head Mode Select Select Select Select Select Select LBA Mode. When set, the task file register contents are defined as follows for the read/write and translate command: Sector Number LBA bits 0-7 Cylinder Low LBA bits 8-15 Cylinder High LBA bits 16-23 Drive/Head LBA bits 24-27 NOTE: Enabling this bit for commands that do not support the LBA mode will cause the selected command to abort. Drive Select Set to 0 to select the master drive; set to 1 to select the slave drive. Head Select Specifies the binary coded address of the head to be selected. Status Register Contains results of the last command executed, and the drive's status. The other seven Task File registers may be read only when bit 7 (BUSY) of the Status register is low. Reading any of the Task File registers when BUSY is high returns the value of the Status register. Reading the Status register also clears any interrupt request to the host. Bit definitions follow: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BUSY RDY WFLT SC DRQ 0 IDX ERR Controller Drive Write Seek Data Index Error Busy Ready Fault Complete Request Controller Busy Goes active when a command is written to the Command register, indicating controller task execution. After a command, this bit resets. Drive Ready Indicates that the drive is ready to accept commands. If drive ready is not present, all commands abort. Write Fault Indicates the drive's detection of a write fault condition, causing all commands to abort. Seek Complete Signifies a seek completion, and that the drive is on track. Data Request Indicates that the drive's sector buffer is ready for data transfer. Index Reflects the status of the index input from the drive. Error The Error bit sets when the previous command has completed with a non-recoverable error. Command Register Contains code for the command to be performed. Additional command information should be written to the task file before the Command register is loaded. When this register is written, the BUSY bit in the Status register sets, and interrupt request to the host clears; invalid commands abort. (Detailed information on interface commands is given in Section 6.) Hex values for valid command formats follow: Read Commands Read Sector(s) 20 Normal reads; retries enabled 21* Read; retries disabled 22 Read Long; retries enabled 23* Read Long; retries disabled Read DMA C8 Retries enabled C9* Retries disabled Read Verify Sector(s) 40 Retries enabled 41 Retries disabled Read Sector Buffer E4 Read Multiple C4 Write Commands Write Sector(s) 30 Normal writes; retries enabled 31* Write; retries disabled 32 Write Long; retries enabled 33* Write Long; retries disabled Write DMA CA Retries enabled CB* Retries disabled Write Verify 3C Sector(s) Write Sector Buffer E8 Write Multiple C5 Write Same E9 Mode Set/Check Commands Set Features EF Set Multiple Mode C6 Power Mode Commands Standby Immediate 94 or E0 Stops drive spindle; do not change time-out value Idle Immediate 95 or E1 Starts spindle; do not change time- out value Standby 96 or E2 Stops spindle; change time-out value Idle 97 or E3 Starts spindle; change time-out value Check Power Mode 98 or E5 Set Sleep Mode 99 or E6 Initialization Commands Identify Drive EC Initialize Drive 91 Parameters Recalibrate 1x Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands Seek 7x Format Track 50 Execute Drive 90 Diagnostic *: Valid only for these Models: HP C5270A, C5271A, C5280A, and C5281A COMMAND SUMMARY Command Name Command Code Parameters Used b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 F SC SN C SDH Recalibrate 0 0 0 1 x x x x N N N N D Read Sector(s) 0 0 1 0 0 0 L R* N Y Y Y Y Read DMA 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 R* N Y Y Y Y Write Sector(s) 0 0 1 1 0 0 L R* N Y Y Y Y Write DMA 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 R* N Y Y Y Y Write Verify 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 R* N Y Y Y Y Sector(s) Read Verify 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 x N Y Y Y Y Sector(s) Format Track 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 N Y N Y Y Seek 0 1 1 1 x x x x N N Y Y Y Execute 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 N N N N D Diagnostic Initialize 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 N Y N N Y Parameters Read Sector 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 N N N N D Buffer Write Sector 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 N N N N D Buffer Identify Drive 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 N N N N D Set Features 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 Y N N N D Read Multiple 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 N Y Y Y Y Write Multiple 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 N Y Y Y Y Set Multiple 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 N Y N N D Mode Write Same 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 N Y Y Y Y Code Key Explanation L Long bit. If L = 1, Read/Write Long commands are performed. If L = 0, normal Read/Write commands are performed. SC Sector Count register. SN Sector Number register. C Cylinder register. F Features register. SDH Drive/Head register. Y Indicates that the register contains a valid parameter for a cited command. Within the Drive/Head register, Y indicates that both the drive and head parameters are used. D Signifies that the drive parameter, not the head parameter, is valid. X Do not care. R* For models HP C5270A, C5271A, C5280A, and C5281A: If R = 0; retries enabled If R = 1; retries disabled For models HP C5272A, C5273A, C5283A, C5435A, and C5436A: This value is X, do not care. CONTROL DIAGNOSTIC REGISTERS These I/O port addresses reference three Control/Diagnostic registers: I/O Port Address Read Write 3F6 Alternate Status Fixed Disk Control 3F7 Digital Input not used Alternate Status Register Contains the same information as the Status register in the Task File. However, this register may be read at any time without clearing a pending interrupt. Fixed Disk Control Register Contains the software Reset bit and the Enable bit to enable interrupt requests to the host. Bit definitions follow: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 RST -IEN 0 Reset IRQ Enable Reset Setting the software Reset bit holds the drive in the reset state. Clearing the bit re-enables the drive. The software Reset bit must be held active for a minimum of 5 micro sec. IRQ Setting the Interrupt Request Enable to 0 enables the Enable IRQ 14 signal to the host. When this bit is set to 1, IRQ14 is tristated, and interrupts to the host are disabled. Any pending interrupt occurs when the bit is set to 0. The default state of this bit after power up is 0 (interrupt enabled). Digital Input Register Contains information about the state of the drive. Bit definitions follow: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 x -WG -HS3 -HS2 -HS1 -HS0 -DS1 -DS0 Resv'd Write Head Drive Drive Gate Select Select 1 Select 0 Bit 7 of the host data bus is not driven when this register is read. Write Gate Reflects the state of the active low write gate signal on the drive. Head Select 3 through - Represents the ones complement of the Head Select 0 selected head number. Drive Select 1 Is 0 if drive 1 selected; 1 otherwise. Drive Select 0 Is 0 if drive 0 selected; 1 otherwise. RESET AND INTERRUPT HANDLING Reset Handling One of three different conditions may cause a reset: power on, hardware reset, or software reset. All three cause the interface processor to initialize itself and the Task File registers of the interface. * A reset also causes a set of the Busy bit in the Status register. * The Busy bit does not clear until the reset clears and the drive completes initialization. * Completion of a reset operation does not generate a host interrupt. Task File registers are initialized as follows: Sector Count 1 Sector Number 1 Cylinder Low 0 Cylinder High 0 Drive/Head 0 Error 1 Interrupt Handling The drive requests data transfers to and from the host by asserting its IRQ 14 signal. This signal interrupts the host if enabled by bit 1 (IRQ enable) of the Fixed Disk Control register. Clear this interrupt by reading the Status register, writing the Command register, or by executing a host hardware or software reset. 6 INTERFACE COMMANDS The following describes commands (and any parameters necessary to execute them), as well as Status and Error register bits affected. Read Commands Read Sector(s) Read DMA Read Verify Sector(s) Read Sector Buffer Read Multiple Write Commands Write Sector(s) Write DMA Write Verify Sector(s) Write Buffer Write Multiple Write Same Set/Check Mode Commands Set Features Mode Set Multiple Mode Set Power Mode Set Standby Mode Check Power Mode Set Sleep Mode Initialization Commands Identify Drive Initialize Drive Parameters Recalibrate Seek, Format and Diagnostic Commands Seek Format Track Execute Drive Diagnostic READ COMMANDS Read Sector(s) Reads from 1 to 256 sectors, as specified in the Command Block, beginning at the specified sector. (A sector count of 0 requests 256 sectors.) Immediately after the Command register is written, the drive sets the BSY bit and begins execution of the command. If the drive is not already on the desired track, an implied seek is performed. Once at the desired track, the drive searches for the proper ID field. If the ID is read successfully, the data address mark must be recognized within a specified number of bytes, or the Data Address Mark Not Found error will be reported. Assuming the data address mark is found: 1. The data field is read into the sector buffer. 2. Error bits are set (if an error was encountered). 3. The DRQ bit is set. 4. An interrupt is generated. The DRQ bit is always set, regardless of the presence or absence of an error condition after the sector. Upon command completion, the Command Block registers contain the numbers of the cylinder, head, and sector of the last sector read. Back-to-back sector read commands set DRQ and generate an interrupt when the sector buffer is filled at the completion of each sector. The drive is then ready for the data to be read by the host. DRQ is reset and BSY is set immediately when the host empties the sector buffer. If an error occurs during Read Sector commands, the read terminates at the sector where the error occurred. The host may then read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error, and the sector where it happened. If the error type is a correctable or an uncorrectable data error, the flawed data is loaded into the sector buffer. A Read Long command sets the Long bit in the command code and returns the data and the ECC bytes in the data field of the specified sector. During a Read Long, the drive does not check the ECC bytes to determine if there has been any type of data error. The Read Long command is limited to single sector requests. Read DMA Identical to the Read Sector(s) command, except that: 1. The host initializes a slave-DMA channel prior to issuing the command. 2. Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the slave-DMA channel. 3. The drive issues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available. Any unrecoverable error encountered during execution of a Read DMA command results in the termination of data transfer after the transfer of all sectors prior to the sector where the error was detected. The sector in error is not transferred. The drive generates an interrupt to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available. The error posting is the same as that of the Read Sector(s) command. Read Verify Sector(s) Identical to the Read Sector(s) command, except that 1. DRQ is never set. 2. No data is transferred back to the host. 3. The long bit is not valid. The drive sets BSY when the Command register is written; the drive resets BSY and generates an interrupt once the requested sectors have been verified. Upon command completion, the Command Block registers contain the numbers of cylinder, head, and last sector verified. If an error occurs during the execution of Read Verify Sector(s) commands, the read terminates at the sector where the error happened. The Command Block registers then contain the numbers of the cylinder, head, and sector information where the error occurred. Read Sector Buffer Allows the host to read the current contents of the drive's sector buffer. When the command is received, the drive 1. Sets BSY 2. Sets up the sector buffer for a read operation 3. Sets DRQ 4. Resets BSY 5. Generates an interrupt The host may then read up to 512 bytes of data from the buffer. Read Multiple Performs similarly to the Read Sector(s) command, except that for each Read Multiple command data transfers are multiple sector blocks and the Long bit is not valid. Execution is also similar to that of the Read Sector(s) command, except that: 1. Several sectors are transferred to the host as a block, without intervening interrupts. 2. DRQ qualification of the transfer is required only at the start of each block, not of each sector. The block count consists of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block. (The block count is programmed by the Set Multiple Mode command, which must be executed prior to the Read Multiple command.) The Read Long command is limited to single sector requests. When the Read Multiple command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors requested - not the number of blocks or the block count. If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible by the block count, as many full blocks as possible are transferred, followed by a final, partial block transfer. This final, partial block transfer is for N sectors, where: N = (sector count) modulo (block count) The Read Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted: 1. Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed 2. When Read Multiple commands are disabled The controller reports disk errors encountered during Read Multiple commands at the beginning of the block or partial block transfer. However, DRQ still sets, and the transfer occurs normally, along with the transfer of any corrupt data. * Data from the remainder of the block following the sector in error is not valid. * Subsequent blocks or partial blocks transfer only if the error was a correctable data error. * All other errors cause the command to stop after transfer of the block which contained the error. * Interrupts are generated when DRQ is set at the beginning of each block or partial block. WRITE COMMANDS Write Sector(s) Writes from 1 to 256 sectors, beginning at a sector specified in the Command Block. (A sector count of 0 requests 256 sectors.) When the Command register is written, the drive sets the DRQ bit and waits for the host to fill the sector buffer with the data to be written. An interrupt is not generated to start the first buffer fill operation. Once the buffer is full, the drive resets DRQ, sets BSY, and begins command execution. If the drive is not already on the desired track, an implied seek is performed. Once at the desired track, the drive searches for the proper ID field. If retries are disabled, and an error in reading the requested sector ID occurs within two index pulses, an ID Not Found error will be posted in the Error register. If the ID is read correctly, the data loaded in the buffer is written to the data field of the sector, followed by the ECC bytes. Upon command completion, the Command Block registers contain the cylinder, head, and sector number of the last sector read. The next time the buffer is ready to be filled during back- to-back Write Sector commands, DRQ is set and an interrupt is generated. After the host fills the buffer, DRQ is reset and BSY is set. If an error occurs, Write Sector operations terminate at the sector containing the error. The Command Block registers then contain the numbers of the cylinder, head, and sector where the error occurred. The host may read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error, and on which sector it happened. A Write Long may be executed by setting the Long bit in the command code. The Write Long command writes the data and the ECC bytes directly from the sector buffer; the drive itself does not generate the ECC bytes. Restrict Write Long commands to PIO Mode 0. Write DMA Identical to the Write Sector(s) command, except that: 1. The host initializes a slave-DMA channel prior to issuing the command. 2. Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the slave-DMA channel. 3. The drive issues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available. Any error encountered during Write DMA execution results in the termination of data transfer. The drive issues an interrupt to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available in the error register. The error posting is the same as that of the Write Sector(s) command. Write Verify Sector(s) Identical to the Write Sector(s) command, except that each sector is verified immediately after being written. The verify operation reads (without transferring), and checks for data errors. Any errors encountered during this operation are reported. Multiple Sector Write Verify commands write all requested sectors, and then verify these sectors before generating a final interrupt. Write Sector Buffer Allows the host to overwrite the contents of the drive's sector buffer with a selected data pattern. When this command is received, the drive 1. Sets BSY 2. Sets up the sector buffer for a write operation 3. Sets DRQ 4. Resets BSY 5. Generates an interrupt The host may then write up to 512 bytes of data to the buffer. Write Multiple 1. The controller sets BSY immediately upon receipt of the command. 2. Data transfers are multiple sector blocks. 3. The Long bit and Retry bit is not valid. Command execution differs from Write Sector(s) because: 1. Several sectors transfer to the host as a block without intervening interrupts. 2. DRQ qualification of the transfer is required at the start of block, not on each sector. The block count consists of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block. (The block count is programmed by the Set Multiple Mode command, which must be executed prior to the Write Multiple command.) When the Write Multiple command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors requested - not the number of blocks or the block count. If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible by the block count, as many full blocks as possible are transferred, followed by a final, partial block transfer. This final, partial block transfer is for N sectors, where: N = (sector count) modulo (block count) The Write Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted: 1. Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed 2. When Write Multiple commands are disabled All disk errors encountered during Write Multiple commands report after the attempted disk write of the block or partial block in which the error occurred. The write operation ends with the sector in error, even if it was in the middle of a block. When an error occurs, subsequent blocks are not transferred. When DRQ is set at the beginning of each full and partial block, interrupts are generated. Write Same Executes similarly to the Write Sectors command except that only one sector of data is transferred. The contents of the sector are written to the medium one or more times. If the Features register is 22h, the drive will write that part of the medium specified by the sector count, sector number, cylinder and drive/head registers. If the Features register contains DDh, the drive initializes all the user accessible medium. If the register contains a value other than 22h or DDh, the command is rejected with an aborted command error. The drive issues an interrupt to indicate that the command is complete. Any error encountered during execution results in the termination of the write operation. Status is available in the Error register if an error occurs. The error posting is the same as that of the Write Sectors command. SET/CHECK MODE COMMANDS Set Features Mode Enables or disables features supported by the drive. When the drive receives this command it: 1. Sets BSY 2. Checks the contents of the Features register 3. Clears BSY 4. Generates an interrupt If the value of the register is not a feature supported by the drive, the command is aborted. The acceptable values in the Features register are defined as follows: 02h* Enable write stacking 03h Set host transfer mode 44h Read/Write Long commands transfer 11 ECC bytes 55h Disable read ahead 66h* Disable to revert power-on values after soft reset 77h Disable ECC 82h Disable write stacking 88h* Enable ECC AAh* Enable read ahead BBh* Read/Write Long commands transfer four bytes of ECC CCh Enable to revert power-on values after soft reset *Enabled at power up by default. Set Multiple Mode Enables the controller to perform Read and Write Multiple operations, and establishes the block count for these commands. Before issuing this command, the Sector Count register should be loaded with the number of sectors per block. The HP C527XA, C528XA, and C543XA Series support block sizes of 2, 4, 8 and 16 sectors. When this command is received, the controller sets BSY and examines the Sector Count register contents. If they contain a valid and supported block count value, that value is loaded for all subsequent Read and Write Multiple commands, and execution of those commands is enabled. An invalid and unsupported block count in the register results in an Aborted Command error and then disallows Read Multiple and Write Multiple commands. If the Sector Count register contains 0 when the Set Multiple Mode command is issued, Read Multiple and Write Multiple commands are disabled; no error is returned. Once the appropriate action has been taken, the controller resets BSY and generates an interrupt. At power up, or after a hardware or software reset, Read Multiple and Write Multiple commands are disabled by default. POWER MODE COMMANDS 94/E0 Spin down and do not change time-out value. Standby Immediate This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter the STANDBY MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not executed. 95/E1 Spin up and do not change time-out value. This Idle Immediate command will spin up the spin motor if the drive is spun down, and cause the drive to enter the IDLE MODE immediately. If the drive is already spinning, the spin up sequence is not executed. The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off. 96/E2 Spin down and change time-out value. This Standby command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter the STANDBY MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not executed. A non-zero value placed in the sector count register will enable the Automatic Power Down sequence. The timer will begin counting down when the drive returns to the IDLE MODE. A value of zero placed in the sector count register will disable the Automatic Power Down sequence. 97/E3 Spin up and change time-out value. This command Idle will spinup the spin motor if the drive is spun- down. If the drive is already spinning, the spin up sequence is not executed. A non-zero value placed in the Sector Count register will enable the Automatic Power Down sequence and their timer will begin counting down immediately. A value of zero placed in the Sector Count register will disable the Automatic Power Down sequence. The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off. 98/E5 This command returns a code in the Sector Count Check Power Mode register that determines the current Power Mode status of the drive. If the drive is in, going to, or recovering from the STANDBY MODE, the drive sets the Sector Count register to OOh. If the drive is in the IDLE MODE, the drive sets the Sector Count register to Ffh. 99/E6 This command will spin the drive down and cause Set Sleep Mode the drive to enter the SLEEP MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not executed. Note: The drive requires a reset to exit this mode. The drive will respond to disk commands. If a host reset is issued while the drive is in SLEEP MODE, the drive exits to the STANDBY MODE. The drive's default power on condition is the ACTIVE MODE. Upon receiving a Power Mode command, except the SLEEP MODE command, the drive sets BSY and performs the requested power operation. Once the requested Power Mode change has begun, the drive resets BSY and generates an interrupt - without waiting for the drive to spin up or spin down. Upon receiving a SLEEP MODE command the drive is spun down, and when it is stopped, the drive resets BSY and generates an interrupt. When enabling the Automatic Power Down sequence, the value placed in the Sector Count register is multiplied by five seconds to obtain the Time-out Interval value. If no drive commands are received from the host within the Time-out Interval, the drive automatically enters the STANDBY mode. The minimum value is 10 seconds. Sector Count Register Time-out Period 0 (00h) Time-out disabled 1 - 240 (01h - F0h) (value * 5) seconds 241-251 (F1h - FBh) ((value - 240) * 30) minutes 252 (FCh) 21 minutes 253 (FDh) Vendor unique period = 10 hours 254 (FEh) Reserved 255 (FFh) 21 minutes, 15 seconds While the drive is in STANDBY MODE or SLEEP MODE, any commands received from the host are accepted and executed as they would in normal operation, except that the spin motor is started if required to execute a disk command. Under these conditions, the drive will set BSY when command processing would normally begin and will leave BSY set until the drive comes up to speed and the disk command can be executed. Disk commands issued while the drive is in STANDBY MODE, restarts the Time-out Interval. INITIALIZATION COMMANDS Identify Drive Allows the host to receive parameter information from the drive. When the command is received, the drive: 1. Sets BSY 2. Stores the required parameter information in the sector buffer 3. Sets the DRQ bit 4. Generates an interrupt The host may then read the information out of the sector buffer. The parameter words in the buffer are arranged as shown here. Note that all reserved bits or words should be zeroes. Word Value Content 0 General configuration 1 Number of cylinders 2 Reserved 3 Number of heads 4 Number of unformatted bytes per track 5 Number of unformatted bytes per sector 6 Number of sectors per track 7 low Number of bytes in the inter-sector gaps 7 high Number of bytes for index gap (after leading edge of index) 8 Minimum byte for PLO 10-19 Serial number (20 ASCII characters, 0000h = not specified) 20 Controller type 0000 Not specified 0001 Single-ported single sector buffer 0002 Dual-ported multiple sector buffer 0003 Dual-ported multiple sector buffer with look- ahead read 0004-FFFF Reserved 21 Buffer size in 512 byte increments (0000h = not specified) 22 Number of ECC bytes passed on Read/Write Long commands (0000h = not specified) 23-26 Firmware revision (8 ASCII characters, 0000h = not specified) 27-46 Model number (40 ASCII characters, 0000h = not specified) 47 Maximum number of sectors that can be transferred per interrupt on read and write multiple commands (0 = Read/Write Multiple commands not implemented) 48 Double word I/O capability, 0 = cannot perform double word I/O, 1 = can perform double word I/O 49 Capabilities 15-13 0 = reserved 12 1 = reserved (advanced PIO mode support) 11 1 = IORDY supported 0 = IORDY may be supported 10 1 = IORDY can be disabled 9 1 = LBA supported 8 1 = DMA supported 7-0 Vendor Unique 50 Reserved 51 PIO data transfer cycle timing mode 52 DMA data transfer cycle timing mode 53 Reserved 54 Number of current cylinders 55 Number of current heads 56 Number of current sectors per track 57-58 Current capacity in sectors (LSW first) 60-61 Total number of user addressable sectors (LBA mode only) 62 Single word DMA transfer mode active 63 Multi-word DMA transfer mode active 64 Flow control PIO transfer modes supported 65 Minimum multi-word DMA transfer cycle time 66 Recommended multi-word DMA transfer cycle time 67 Minimum PIO transfer cycle time without flow control 68 Minimum PIO transfer cycle time with IORDY flow control 69 - 127 Reserved 128 - 159 Not used 160 - 255 Reserved The bits in the general configuration word (word 0) have the following definitions: Bit Definition 0 Reserved 1 1 = hard sectored 2 1 = soft sectored 3 1 = not MFM encoded 4 1 = head switch time > 15 micro sec 5 1 = spindle motor control option implemented 6 1 = fixed drive 7 1 = removable cartridge drive 8 1 = transfer rate < or = to 5 Mbits per sec 9 1 = transfer rate > 5 Mbits per sec but < or = to 10 Mbits per sec 10 1 = transfer rate > 10 Mbits per sec 11 1 = rotational speed tolerance > 0.5% 12 0 13 0 14 1 15 0 Initialize Drive Parameters Enables the drive to operate as any logical drive type. The drive will always be in the translate mode because of Zone Density Recording, which varies the number of sectors per track depending on the zone. Through setting the Sector Count Register and Drive Head Register, this command lets the host alter the drive's logical configuration. As a result, the drive can operate as any equal to or less than capacity drive type. Do not exceed the total number of sectors available on the drive: Model Total User Sectors Formatted Capacity C5270A 2,121,840 1084 MB C5271A 3,183,264 1626 MB C5272A 2,616,240 1336 MB C5273A 3,924,360 2004 MB C5280A 2,121,840 1084 MB C5281A 3,183,264 1626 MB C5283A 3,924,360 2004 MB C5435A 2,616,240 1336 MB C5436A 3,924,360 2004 MB When this command is executed, the drive reads the Sector Counter Register and the Drive Head Register (and so determines the number of the logical sectors per track and maximum logical head number per cylinder and will calculate the number of logical cylinders.) Upon receipt of the command, the drive: 1. Sets BSY 2. Saves the parameters 3. Resets BSY 4. Generates an interrupt To specify maximum heads, write 1 less than the maximum (e.g. write 4 for a 5 head drive). To specify maximum sectors, specify the actual number of sectors (e.g. 17 for a maximum of 17 sectors/track). The sector count and head values are not checked for validity by this command. If they are invalid, no error will be posted until an illegal access is made by some other command. Recalibrate Moves the read/write heads from anywhere on the disk to cylinder 0. When this command is received, the drive: 1. Sets BSY 2. Issues a seek to cylinder zero The drive waits for the seek to complete, then the drive: 1. Updates status 2. Resets BSY 3. Generates an interrupt If the drive cannot reach cylinder 0, the Error bit is set in the Status register, and the Track 0 bit is set in the Error register. SEEK, FORMAT, AND DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS Seek Initiates a seek to the track, and selects the head specified in the Command block. (The drive does not need to be formatted for a Seek to execute properly.) When this command is issued, the drive: 1. Sets BSY in the Status register 2. Initiates the Seek 3. Resets BSY 4. Generates an interrupt The drive does not wait for the seek to complete before returning the interrupt. If a new command is issued to a drive during the execution of a Seek command, the drive will wait (with BSY active) for the Seek to complete before executing the new command. Format Track Formats the track specified in the Command Block; the Sector Count register specifies the number of sectors per track. As soon as the Command register is written, the drive sets the DRQ bit, and waits for the host to fill the sector buffer with the interleave table. When the buffer is full, the drive resets DRQ, sets BSY, and begins command execution. If the drive is not already on the desired track, an implied seek is performed. Once at the desired track, the data fields are written with all zeroes. When the index pulse is detected, formatting begins. When the specified number of sectors has been formatted, the drive fills the remainder of the track up to the index with gap bytes. At the completion of the Format Track command, the drive resets BSY and generates an interrupt. The format information is composed of two bytes per sector on the track. The least significant byte has the following meanings: Value Action 00H Format Sector as good 40H Assign Sector to alternate 80H Format Sector as bad The most significant byte is the sector number. Data is written into the sector buffer with the least significant byte. (The sectors may be arranged in any order but still must contain two bytes per sector and be transmitted as the first bytes to the sector buffer.) If a zero sector or sector number greater than the maximum is transmitted, an ID Not Found error will be set. Execute Drive Diagnostic Commands the drive to implement the internal diagnostic tests. (These tests are executed only upon command receipt; they do not run automatically at power up or after a reset.) The drive sets BSY immediately upon receiving this command. This table presents the codes and their descriptions: Note that the value in the Error register should be viewed as a unique 8 bit Code. Error Code Description 01 no error detected 02 formatter device error 03 sector buffer error 04 ECC circuitry error 05 controller microprocessor error 8x slave drive failed Note: If a slave drive fails diagnostics, the master drive OR's 80 hex with its own status, and loads that code into the Error register. If a slave drive passes diagnostics (or a slave is absent), the master drive OR's 00 with its own status and loads that code into the Error register. Copyright Hewlett-Packard Co. 1996 This information is subject to change without notice and is provided "as is" with no warranty. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the use of this material.