Landwehr, C.E., "Formal Models for Computer Security," ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 13, Number 3 (September, 1981). Also published as NRL Report 8494, September, 1981. Translated and reprinted in Japanese computer journal ``bit,'' Shuppan Kyoritsu, Tokyo, 1983, No. 1 (January), pp. 95-124. [Reprinted in Advances in Computer System Security, Volume II, Rein Turn, Ed., Artech House, Dedham, MA, 1984, pp. 108-122.]