
		DISC-AT-ONCE CDROM RECORDING PROGRAM


Program Description
-------------------

      DAO uses the "disc-at-once" recording method to make AUDIO,
  CDROM (Mode1), CDROM-XA (Mode2), mixed-mode, and multisession discs.
  The discs will be either "redbook" or "yellowbook" compatible and
  can be used as masters for commercial CDROM production. You are
  required to write a CUE SHEET file for each disc which defines (among
  other things) the data files to be written and the starting time of
  each track/index point. This information is used to build the table
  of contents and subcode-Q data on the recorded disc. DAO gives you
  complete control over the track/index layout when creating audio
  discs. It is possible to define variable length "pause areas" between
  tracks (down to zero!) and to define subindexes to other points within
  a track.

  NOTE: The programs MAKECUE and QUICKCUE can generate cue sheets for
  existing audio CDs automatically.


List of Supported CD Recorders
-------------------------------

Hewlett Packard 4020i
JVC XR-W2001
Philips CDD522 / CDD2000
Pinnacle RCD-1000 / RCD-5020 
Sony 920S
Yamaha CDR100 / CDR102
   
NOTE: The CDD2000 and HP4020i *must* have firmware version 1.20
to use disc-at-once recording.


Command Line Usage
------------------

Usage: DAO <cuefile> [/ID=adapter:id:lun] [/COPY] [/SESSION]
	 [/SPEED=n] [/TEST]
cuefile  - Cue sheet filename
/ID      - SCSI ID of CD recorder (default is first found)
/COPY    - Set 'copy permitted' flag in all track subcodes
/SESSION - Enable session-at-once recording (default is disc-at-once)
/SPEED   - Recording speed (default is 2x)
/TEST    - Enable 'write emulation' mode


CUE SHEET FILES
---------------

    You must write a CUE SHEET file (using any text editor) for each
disc to be recorded. This file defines all of the files to be written
and the starting times of each track/index point.

The following commands are currently recognized...
  FILE, PREGAP, POSTGAP, TRACK, INDEX, CATALOG, ISRC, and REM.

************************************************************************

>> FILE Command

  This command is used to specify a data file that will be written
  to the CD recorder.

    Syntax : FILE <filename> <datatype> <blocksize>
	       datatype  - Type of data contained in file
	       blocksize - Size of each block

	       The following datatypes are allowed...
		 AUDIO - Audio/Music
		   * Only WAV files are supported
		   * Valid blocksizes are 2352 only
		 MODE1 - CDROM Mode1 Data
		   * Valid blocksizes are 2048 and 2352
		 MODE2 - CDROM-XA Mode2 Data
		   * Valid blocksizes are 2336 and 2352

	       Some recorders (such as all Philips models) only support
	       a blockzize of 2352 when using disc-at-once recording.

	       WARNING: Do *not* use "MODE1" and "MODE2" in the beta
	       release of this program. They have not been fully
	       implemented yet. The correct use of the <datatype> and
	       <blocksize> parameters will be described at a later date.

    Example: FILE C:\CDR\TRACK2.WAV AUDIO 2352
	     FILE C:\CDR\TRACK1.RAW MODE1 2048
  
    Rules  : FILE commands must appear before any other command 
	     except CATALOG.

  NOTE: For AUDIO files only, if the length of the file is not an exact
  multiple of 2352, the last sector will be padded with zeros.

************************************************************************

>> PREGAP Command

  This command is used to specify the length of a track pregap.
  The pregap is generated internally by DAO. No data is consumed
  from the current data file.

    Syntax : PREGAP <mm:ss:ff>
	       mm:ss:ff - Specifies the length of the pregap in minutes,
			  seconds, and frames (75 frames per second).
  
    Example: PREGAP 00:02:00
  
    Rules  : The PREGAP command must appear after a FILE command, but
	     before any TRACK commands. Only one PREGAP command is allowed
	     per file. A pregap of 00:00:00 is not allowed.

************************************************************************

>> POSTGAP Command

  This command is used to generate a postgap (150 sectors) for a MODE1
  or MODE2 data track. The postgap is generated internally by DAO. No
  data is consumed from the current data file.

    Syntax : POSTGAP
    
    Rules  : The POSTGAP command must appear after all TRACK/INDEX 
	     commands for a file. Only one POSTGAP command is allowed
	     per file.

************************************************************************

>> TRACK Command

  This command is used to specify a track number and the type
  of data that will written in the track.
  
    Syntax : TRACK <number>
	       number - Track number (1-99)

    Example: TRACK 12
  
    Rules  : All track numbers must be between 1 and 99 inclusive.
	     The first track number can be greater than one, but
	     all track numbers after the first must be sequential.
	     You must specify at least one track per file.

************************************************************************

>> INDEX Command

  This command is used to specify indexes (or subindexes) within a track.
  
    Syntax : INDEX <number> <mm:ss:ff>
	       number   - Index number (0-99). 
	       mm:ss:ff - Starting time in minutes, seconds, and frames.
			  All times are relative to the beginning of the
			  current file.
	     
    Example: INDEX 01 00:00:00
	     INDEX 05 02:34:50
  
    Rules  : All index numbers must be between 0 and 99 inclusive.
	     The first index of any track must be 0 or 1 with all
	     other indexes being sequential to the first. The first
	     index of a file must start at 00:00:00.

	     INDEX 0   - Specifies the starting time of the track "pregap".
	   
	     INDEX 1   - Specifies the starting time of the track data.
			 This is the only index that is recorded in the
			 disc's table-of-contents.
	   
	     INDEX > 1 - Subindex within a track (most CD players do
			 not support skipping by subindex).

************************************************************************

>> CATALOG Command

  This command is used to specify the disc's "media catalog number".
  It will typically be used only when mastering a CD for commercial
  disc production.
  
    Syntax : CATALOG <media-catalog-number> 
  
    Example: CATALOG 1234567890123
  
    Rules  : The catalog number must be 13 digits and encoded according
	     to UPC/EAN rules. This command can appear only once in the
	     CUE SHEET file (it will usually be the first line, although
	     this isn't required).

************************************************************************

>> ISRC Command

  This command is used to specify a track's "International Standard 
  Recording Code" (ISRC). It will typically be used only when mastering 
  a CD for commercial disc production.
  
    Syntax : ISRC <code>
  
    Example: ISRC ABCDE1234567
  
    Rules  : The ISRC must be 12 characters in length. The first
	     five characters are alphanumeric, but the last seven
	     are numeric only. If it it used, the ISRC command must
	     be specified after a TRACK command, but before any
	     INDEX commands.

************************************************************************

>> REM Command

  This command is used to put comments in your CUE SHEET file.
  
    Syntax : REM <comment>
  
    Example: REM This is a comment
  
    Rules  : None.

************************************************************************

SAMPLE CUE SHEETS
-----------------

SAMPLE #1 - Audio disc using a single data file and no
"pause areas" between tracks.

FILE C:\MYAUDIO.WAV AUDIO 2352
  TRACK 01
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 02
    INDEX 01 05:50:65
  TRACK 03
    INDEX 01 09:47:50
  TRACK 04
    INDEX 01 15:12:53
  TRACK 05
    INDEX 01 25:02:40
  TRACK 06
    INDEX 01 27:34:05
  TRACK 07
    INDEX 01 31:58:53
  TRACK 08
    INDEX 01 35:08:65

========================================================================

SAMPLE #2 - Same disc as above using two data files.

FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV AUDIO 2352
  TRACK 01
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 02
    INDEX 01 05:50:65
  TRACK 03
    INDEX 01 09:47:50
  TRACK 04
    INDEX 01 15:12:53
FILE C:\MYAUDIO2.WAV AUDIO 2352
  TRACK 05
    INDEX 01 00:00:00   ; Times are relative to beginning of current file
  TRACK 06
    INDEX 01 02:31:40
  TRACK 07
    INDEX 01 06:56:13
  TRACK 08
    INDEX 01 10:06:25

========================================================================

SAMPLE #3 - Audio disc with "pause areas" (pregaps).

FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV AUDIO 2352
  TRACK 01
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 02
    INDEX 00 05:49:65   ; 1 second "pause area"
    INDEX 01 05:50:65
  TRACK 03
    INDEX 00 09:45:50   ; 2 second "pause area"
    INDEX 01 09:47:50
  TRACK 04
    INDEX 00 15:09:53   ; 3 second "pause area"
    INDEX 01 15:12:53

The pause areas are written with data from the file. It is not
required that this data be "digital silence" (all zeros).

The first track always starts with a mandatory two second pregap.
This is required by the CDROM specification and is taken care of
by DAO automatically.

========================================================================

SAMPLE #4 - Using the PREGAP command.

FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV AUDIO 2352
  PREGAP 00:02:00               ; adds an additional two seconds to
  TRACK 01                      ; the first track pregap.
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\MYAUDIO2.WAV AUDIO 2352
  PREGAP 00:02:00
  TRACK 02
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\MYAUDIO3.WAV AUDIO 2352
  PREGAP 00:01:00
  TRACK 03
    INDEX 00 00:00:00
    INDEX 01 00:01:00

The pregaps that are written as a result of the PREGAP command are
always generated internally by DAO. They do not consume data from
the current file. Is is possible to mix the source of the pregaps as
shown in TRACK 03... one second of pregap will be generated internally
and another second will be consumed from the file. All pregaps that
are generated internally contain "digital silence" (all zeros).

========================================================================

SAMPLE #5 - Using the CATALOG, ISRC, and INDEX commands.

CATALOG 3898347789120
FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV AUDIO 2352
  TRACK 01
    ISRC ABCDE1234567
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
    INDEX 02 02:00:00
    INDEX 03 04:00:00
FILE C:\MYAUDIO2.WAV AUDIO 2352
  TRACK 02
    ISRC XYZZY0000000
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 03
    ISRC 123456789012
    INDEX 00 03:00:00
    INDEX 01 03:02:00
    INDEX 02 05:34:32
    INDEX 03 08:12:49
    INDEX 04 10:01:74

**********************************************************************

Please send all suggestions, comments, and bug reports to...

Jeff Arnold
125 Indian Rock Road
Merrimack, NH 03054

Phone: 603-424-0269
FAX  : 603-429-0073

URL  : http://www.mainstream.net/~jarnold/cdrom/cdrom.html
EMAIL: jarnold@mainstream.net

**********************************************************************

Updated on JANUARY 28, 1996

