_____ _________________________ / / / \ / / / ____________ ___ \ / / / / / / \ \ / / / /_____ / / \ \ / / / \ / / \ \ / / \_____ / / / \ \ / / / / / / \ \ / /_________/ / / /_____________| | | / | | |__________________/ |________________________| ***** ***** ***** * * ***** * * ********* * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * **** **** **** * * **** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * ***** * * ***** * * * MOONBASE APPENDICES Typed by SIDEWINDER of LSD. (Finished 4th July 1991) Manual supplied by SCOOTER. NOTE: This is the Appendices, the first 90 pages of the manual are a story, and are not necessary to play the game, but if anyone wants to add them to this, be my guest! QUICK REFERENCE Your job as Moonbase Commander is to build a successful and self supporting base. NASA will provide you with seed money but you have to invest it wisely. Here are the basics you need to know. Building a lunar base. Your crew needs four things to survive on the Moon: Shelter, Power, Thermal Control, and Supplies. Your base will function better if you keep all four of these in mind. Shelter is provided by habitation modules. Power and thermal control are provided by building power plants and radiators and then hooking these up to other nodules with power cables and thermal control pipes. Supplies are provided by purchasing them from Earth or by growing your own food in Greenhouses, finding water and making your own spare parts. CASH. You can raise cash by trading in one of the five commodities which are in constant demand. You can invest in a plant that manufactures one of these commodities and provide it with what it needs to run: Crew, Power, Thermal Control and Resupply. You can then sell the goods you produce on the open market. The five commodities sold at the Lunar Commodities Exchange are Oxygen, Water, Helium-3. Electronics and Materials. Each of these markets is unique and has a character all its own. OXYGEN Oxygen is needed to support life, but the quantities needed for this purpose is relatively small. The major use for oxygen is as the primary component in rocket propellant. When the Moonbase is established, the level of rocket traffic around Earth will be very high. The demand for rocket propellant will also be high. Oxygen is cheap on Earth, but it is expensive to lift into orbit. Some of the things that affect the demand for oxygen are the level of the rocket traffic making resupply runs to and from the Moonbase, as well as any major space exploration missions to other planets and associated activity around the Earth space stations. WATER Water is also needed to support life, but unlike oxygen, that is not how the bulk of the water will be used. Water can be broken down by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen which together make both components of a very powerful rocket propellant. The hydrogen is the fuel and the oxygen id the oxidizer. Since they are used for essentially the same purpose, many of the same things that affect the oxygen market will affect the water market. HELIUM-3 Helium-3 is the fuel in many of the nuclear fusion reactions being studied as potential power sources. Helium-3 is a light isotope of helium (common helium has a mass of 4) and is very rare on Earth. On the Moon, however, the solar winds deposit Helium-3 in the Regolith, but not in high concentrations. Large amounts of Regolith must be processed in order to extract significant quantities of Helium-3. There presently is a small demand for Helium-3 for research purposes, but if fusion power generation were to be perfected, the demand for Helium-3 would grow rapidly. MANUFACTURING Established industry, centres for processing lunar materials or manufacturing electronic components. ELECTRONICS Unique electronic components can be built on the Moon because of its low gravity and relatively extreme conditions. The quality of these components is very high but they could be improved upon by research and development work aimed specifically at the lunar electronics manufacturing process. Lunar electronic components are in very high demand on Earth but other nations have their eye on these markets. MATERIALS Many uses can be made of the materials available on the lunar surface and it is possible that some of these could be of sufficient quality to be sold back on Earth. A more likely occurrence, however, is the possibility that something could be made on the Moon that would be needed at the Earth space stations. On exploration missions to other planets, it would be cheaper to transport materials from the Moon than from Earth. Since the Moon's gravity is only about one sixth of the Earth's it would be much easier to transport goods from the Moon to Earth Orbit that it is to transport goods from the Earth's surface to Earth Orbit. The Moonbase Materials Processing Plant produces solar power cells which are in demand at the Earth space station and on the ion rockets which transports cargo from the Earth to the Moon. HABITATION Place living structures on the Moon's surface. Put down four Space Station Command Modules (SSCM) that house 4 persons each or go for a larger inflatable habitat that can accommodate 50 persons. If you really need large housing facilities, select the advanced habitat which holds living quarters for 150 residents. You can try to generate additional income for the base by constructing a hotel to lure rich tourists from Earth. Recreation Centres give the inhabitants of Moonbase a place to relax and exercise. All in all, having adequate housing and recreation increases morale and overall base productivity. SCIENCE Get on NASA's good side by emplacing science facilities on the Moon. Increase nuclear power, electronics and solar cell research with a laboratory module. Look for life on distant planets with an astronomy facility. Search the lunar surface for high concentrations of oxygen and other valuable mineral deposits. Reduce your resupply costs for food by building greenhouses. MINING Collect lunar regolith and process it into Lunar-derived Liquid OXygen (LLOX). Use information from exploration to place Helium-3 and water processing plants at points of high concentrations. UTILITIES Emplace a communication facility to learn news of war, depression, or future missions from Earth. Build a maintenance facility to cut down your hardware resupply costs. Improve overall safety on your base by building roads and landing pads. Or use the bulldozer to destroy everything! THERMAL CONTROL You must build radiators and connect them to other structures to radiate heat and make up for the lack of an atmosphere. POWER Whether solar, fission, or fusion, a central source is needed to supply power to almost every structure on your base. APPENDIX 1 The following section describes the major components that you can use to build your base and provide some technical details. HABITATION FACILITIES HAB MODULE: This is the primary habitation designed for use on SSF or lunar base. The habitation module is a complex of four Space Station Common Modules connected by a node. The quarters provided by the basic hab are relatively cramped and uncomfortable. Resupply Needs: 400 kg/month Power Needed: 20 kWe Man Power 1 Crew Capacity: 16 crew members INFLATABLE HAB: Inflatable medium-sized habitation module which provides more comfortable crew accommodations than the basic hab. Resupply needs: 1600 kg/month Power needed: 80 kWe Man Power: 1 Crew Capacity: 50 crew members ADVANCED HABITAT: Largest habitation module available, provides the most comfortable crew quarters as well as extensive common areas which help crew morale. Resupply Needs: 4800 kg/month Power Needed: 400 kWe Man Power: 7 Crew Capacity: 150 crew members RECREATION HABITAT: Habitation module designed for recreational facilities, these are needed to help keep the crew's morale high. Resupply Needs: 200 kg/month Power Needed: 80 kWe Man Power: 3 HOTEL: Hotels for tourists visiting the Moon. Tourists from Earth are interested in visiting interesting surface features on the Moon and historic sites. Resupply Needs: 300 kg/month Power Needed: 200 kWe Man Power: 10 Tourist Capacity: 20 tourists SCIENCE FACILITIES SCIENCE LAB: Module dedicated to scientific research and experimentation. Research carried out in the Moonbase Science Labs can lead to discoveries in nuclear fusion as well as processes to produce improved electronics in the Moonbase Electronics Plants and improved solar power cells in the Moonbase Materials Plants. Resupply Needs: 10 kg/month Power Needed: 30 kWe Man Power: 4 ASTRONOMY: Module designed to house astronomy equipment and crew. The astronomy facilities are self-contained and do not require power and thermal control. Resupply Needs: 10 kg/month Power Needed: 0 kWe Man Power: 3 GREENHOUSE: Greenhouses are facilities for growing food which can help reduce the annual resupply costs and help make the base self-sufficient. Resupply Needs: 2500 kg/month Power Needed: 200 kWe Man Power: 8 Production Rate: 5000 kg of food/month POWER GENERATION FACILITIES NUCLEAR POWER PLANT: Power plant that uses nuclear fission reactions to generate power. Resupply Needs: 100 kg/month Power Needed: 0 kWe Man Power: 4 Output Power: 1500 kWe SOLAR: Power system that converts solar energy to electrical power. Resupply Needs: 10 kg/month Power Needed: 0 kWe Man Power: 1 Output Power: 400 kWe FUSION: Nuclear power plant using fusion to generate power. This is a cleaner, safer way to generate power than nuclear fission. Resupply Needs: 100 kg/month Power Needed: 0 kWe Man Power: 25 Output Power: 10000 kWe MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS FACILITIES LANDING PAD: Landing pad for lunar landers. Landing pads make it safer for lander operations and reduce the odds of landers crashing. As your base grows large the number of lander flights increases so the need for landing pads grows. Resupply Needs: 100 kg/month Power Needed: 0 kWE Man Power: 2 COMMUNICATION: Communication equipment for contacting Earth. Resupply Needs: 1 kg/month Power Needed: 5 kWe Man Power: 2 MAINTENANCE: Maintenance/repair facilities for base hardware. Building maintenance facilities helps to reduce the annual hardware resupply costs. Resupply Needs: 500 kg/month Power Needed: 100 kWe Man Power: 4 MINING AND MANUFACTURING FACILITIES WATER PROCESSING PLANT: Water mining/processing facility. Water Processing Plants must be placed at a site that contains water. Water can be located by explorations. Resupply Needs: 80 kg/month Power Needed: 800 kWe Man Power: 35 Production Rate: 50 MT/month LLOX PROCESSING PLANT: Lunar-derived Liquid OXygen production plant. LLOX plants extract oxygen by a reduction process from lunar regolith. Each facility requires a Mobile Oxygen Miner to supply it with raw material. Resupply Needs: 70 kg/month Power Needed: 300 kWe Man Power: 16 Production Rate: 150 MT/month MOBILE OXYGEN MINER: The Mobile Oxygen Miner digs up Regolith and transports it to the Oxygen Processing Plant. Three Miners are needed to supply each LLOX Processing Plant. Resupply Needs: 10 kg/month Power Needed: 50 kWe Man Power: 16 Mining Rate: 15000 MT of regolith/month HELIUM-3 PROCESSING PLANT: Helium-3 mining/processing facility. This is a mobile miner and processor. Helium-3 is available in such small quantities that the volume of Regolith that must be processed is extremely large. Resupply Needs: 100 kg/month Power Needed: 200 kWe Man Power: 20 Production Rate: 3 kg/month ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING PLANT: Plant for producing electronic components from lunar materials. Electronics produced on the Moon have to compete with those produced at the space stations and at other lunar bases. Resupply Needs: 5000 kg/month Power Needed: 1000 kWe Man Power: 80 Unit Production: 1000 units/month MATERIALS PROCESSING PLANT: Plant for producing solar cells from lunar materials. Resupply Needs: 1000 kg/month Power Needed: 200 kWe Man Power: 40 Production Rate: 500 solar cells/month THERMAL CONTROL FACILITIES RADIATOR: The radiators are the primary component of the base thermal control system. A heat exchange fluid is circulated throughout the buildings on the base and then piped to the radiators where the heat is exchanged and radiated into space. Resupply Needs: 10 kg/month Power Needed: 0 kWe Man Power: 1 Heat Rejected: 5000 kWe APPENDIX 2 PLAYING HINTS STARTING FROM SCRATCH When you begin each new scenario, your base crew consists of YOU - period. So once you've made your site selection, start simple. After all, NASA has only given you a limited amount of cash to get started. Place an SSCM, one RADIATOR and perhaps one PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY. This will be more than adequate to get things moving. Next, check your population needs and refer to the APPENDIX for SSCM capacity and crew requirements for the power and thermal units (See Example below). With a small base of operations in place, your next task is to start producing something that can be sold - oxygen is the most abundant. Oxygen will be found in concentrations up to 40 percent, so the higher the concentration, the better your productivity. Once you have located a suitable mining site, build a LLOX PLANT and give it at least one LLOX MINER. Now, quickly check the crew requirement for the total facility - Plant, Miner, Power and Radiator - and increase your crew and housing accordingly. You do not need to place housing at the facility site, but you can if you want to. With these elements in place, check your PRODUCTIVITY box under OPERATIONS. You should see the level of LLOX productivity rising from zero, which means you have products to sell (check the MARKETS box). Now, you need to keep your miners happy. If you don't have enough cash to build the structures you need, sell some or all your Oxygen inventory. And watch your RESUPPLY at the start of each new year. You MUST resupply your base. If you fail to resupply, your mining and processing facilities will breakdown and your productivity will drop - which leaves you with no inventory to sell when you need it. You'll notice more often than not that resupply will destroy your cash balance. This is when you need to sell your inventory, and then add to your base. Check the DEMAND chart under MARKETS to see what is needed, then select an appropriate facility and place it in the the same manner as previous units. The next facility that you should construct is COMMUNICATIONS. Up to this point in the scenario, your yellow INFORMATION BAR has remained inoperative. Placing a COMMUNICATIONS facility will get your market information flowing so you can keep a constant eye on prices without accessing the Sell or DEMAND boxes. The INFORMATION BAR also warns you of some elements that will affect your productivity or market productivity. Building LANDING PADS will make lander operations safer, reducing the chances of a crash. NEGOTIATING A STRIKE If you don't keep your miners happy, they'll start complaining ... and a miner strike can ruin everything. Placing a GREENHOUSE and a RECREATION CENTRE at your base to provide the crew with fresh food and something to do when they aren't working. Make sure you check the crew, housing, power and thermal requirements for each module, and increase them when needed. You MUST balance these factors each time you enlarge your base, or productivity will start to slip. TOURISTS - WHEN AND WHERE TO BUILD HOTELS At some point, you may decide to start up a tourist trade. Placing a HOTEL works the same way as any other structure, and requires attention to crew, power and thermal control. You can place a HOTEL anywhere on the playing grid, but it is best to select a site close to some interesting selenographic feature - a cluster of craters, for instance. This placement will not affect your tourist income, but this income WILL rise if you locate one or more of the special 'features'. HOTELS do not need to be placed close to your base. A single PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY and RADIATOR are sufficient to run the facility, which eliminates the need for proximity to the base. Nor is it necessary to place a LANDING PAD in the vicinity of the HOTEL. It may, however, be detrimental to your tourism operations if you place your HOTELS close to mines, processing plants and power facilities, if only from an aesthetic point of view. GLOSSARY AI - Artificial Intelligence - computer systems designed to imitate intelligent behaviour such as understanding languages, solving problems, and learning. ALS - Advanced Launch System - launch vehicle being designed by the Air Force to carry 50 metric ton payloads to LEO. APOLLO - U.S. manned Lunar missions flown in the late 1960's and early 1970's; led to first Lunar landings. BASE - a permanent occupied set of buildings or shelters that provide life support and work facilities. BIOSPHERE - a closed-ecology system in which biological systems provide mutual support and recycling of water, air, and food. CELSS - Closed-Ecology Life Support System - a mechanical or biological system that recycles the water, air, and food needed to support a human crew on a spacecraft, space station, or lunar base. CRATER - deep depressions formed by meteor impacts. ECLSS - Environment Control and Life Support Systems - mechanical systems that maintains climate, oxygen levels, and usable water levels for life support. ELV - Expendable Launch Vehicle - non-reusable rocket. ESA - European Space Agency EVA - Extra-Vehicular Activity - a spacewalk FAR SIDE - the side of the Moon which does not face the Earth. GAMMA RAYS - electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive decay; more deadly than X-rays. GEO - Geostationary Earth Orbit - a circular orbit (altitude of about 22300 miles above the Earth's surface and inclination near 0 degrees) in which an object moves around a planet at the same rate as the Earth rotates, thus making it appear stationary with respect to points on the planet's surface. GTO - Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit - orbit designed to take a satellite from LEO to GEO. HEAT PIPES - sealed pipes filled with a fluid that can be vaporized and later condensed to carry heat away from vital hardware. HELIOSPHERE - region of space in which the effects of the Sun's solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field can be felt. HELIUM-3 - a helium compound used as a safer fuel for fusion reactors; found in the Lunar regolith. HLLV - Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle - launch vehicle designed to carry 100 metric tons to LEO. IUS - Inertial Upper Stage - upper rocket stage designed to propel payloads from LEO to higher orbits. LEM - Lunar Excursion Module - name for the landing vehicles with ascent stages used in the Apollo missions. LEO - Low Earth Orbit - Earth orbit with a maximum altitude of about 1,000 kilometres. LIBERATION POINTS - points in space at which the gravitational forces of attracting bodies balance, allowing an object to remain at the point if placed there with the correct velocity (also called Lagrange points). LLOX - Lunar-derived Liquid OXygen. LUNA PROBES - series of Moon reconnaissance probes launched by the U.S.S.R. between 1959 and 1976. LUNAR DAY - amount of time it takes for the Moon to rotate once with respect to the Sun; 27.3 Earth days. MASS-DRIVER - an electromagnetic accelerating device used to propel material into orbit from a planet's (or moon) surface. MICROGRAVITY - extremely low level of gravity (near zero-g) MIR - third generation Soviet space station MT - Metric ton (1000 kg) NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASDA - Japanese space agency OMV - Orbital Manoeuvring Vehicle - a spacecraft designed to move other spacecraft in orbit and handle refuelling operations. OUTPOST - an initial shelter erected on a planet's surface to provide temporary shelter for crew. PAM - Payload Assist Module - small upper stage rocket used to boost satellites from LEO to higher orbits. RANGER PROBES - series of U.S. photo-reconnaissence probes sent to the Moon in the early 1960's. REGOLITH - mixture of soil and rock fragments found on the surface of the Moon. SEI - Space Exploration Initiative - plan proposed by President Bush to establish a manned space station, a manned lunar base, and a manned mission to Mars. SPACEPORT - orbiting transportation centre that provides facilities for transferring crew between spacecraft and provides repair and refuelling services for spacecraft. SPECIFIC IMPULSE - a measure of engine performance calculated by dividing the engine's thrust by the product of the fuel mass flow rate and the gravitational acceleration constant. SSCM - Space Station Communication Module - habitation module designed for use on the Space Station Freedom; can be used as an habitation module on the Moon. SSF - Space Station Freedom - U.S. space station to be launched in the mid-1990's. SHUTTLE - reusable orbiting vehicle which is launched with the help of two solid rocket boosters and a main fuel tank that feeds fuel to the orbiter's engines; also known as the STS - Space Transportation System. SURVEYOR PROBE - early U.S. lunar probes launched in the mid-1960's to analyse possible landing sites for the Apollo missions; performed soil analysis. TELE-OPERATED - a system, such as a drill or spacecraft, that can be remotely controlled. End.